Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 645, Barcelona, Spain.
Environ Manage. 2011 Nov;48(5):1000-12. doi: 10.1007/s00267-011-9750-0. Epub 2011 Sep 24.
Fire is one of the commonest disturbances worldwide, transforming habitat structure and affecting ecosystem functioning. Understanding how species respond to such environmental disturbances is a major conservation goal that should be monitored using functionally and taxonomically diverse groups such as Hymenoptera. In this respect, we have analyzed the taxonomic and functional response to fire and post-fire management of a Hymenoptera community from a Mediterranean protected area. Thus, Hymenoptera were sampled at fifteen sites located in three burnt areas submitted to different post-fire practices, as well as at five sites located in peripheral unburnt pine forest. A total of 4882 specimens belonging to 33 families, which were classified into six feeding groups according to their dietary preferences, were collected. ANOVA and Redundancy Analyses showed a taxonomic and functional response to fire as all burnt areas had more Hymenoptera families, different community composition and higher numbers of parasitoids than the unburnt area. Taxonomic differences were also found between burnt areas in terms of the response of Hymenoptera to post-fire management. In general the number of parasitoids was positively correlated to the number of potential host arthropods. Parasitoids are recognized to be sensitive to habitat changes, thus highlighting their value for monitoring the functional responses of organisms to habitat disturbance. The taxonomic and functional responses of Hymenoptera suggest that some pine-forest fires can enhance habitat heterogeneity and arthropod diversity, hence increasing interspecific interactions such as those established by parasitoids and their hosts.
火灾是世界范围内最常见的干扰之一，它改变了生境结构，影响了生态系统的功能。了解物种如何应对这种环境干扰是一个主要的保护目标，应该使用功能和分类多样化的群体来监测，例如膜翅目昆虫。在这方面，我们分析了来自地中海保护区的膜翅目昆虫群落对火灾和火灾后管理的分类和功能响应。因此，在三个燃烧区的 15 个地点以及五个位于周边未燃烧的松林的地点采集了膜翅目昆虫样本。共采集到 4882 个标本，属于 33 个科，根据其食性偏好分为 6 个取食组。方差分析和冗余分析表明，所有燃烧区的膜翅目昆虫科、群落组成和寄生蜂数量都高于未燃烧区，这表明它们对火灾有分类和功能响应。在燃烧区之间，膜翅目昆虫对火灾后管理的反应也存在分类差异。一般来说，寄生蜂的数量与潜在的宿主节肢动物数量呈正相关。寄生蜂被认为对生境变化敏感，因此强调了它们在监测生物对生境干扰的功能响应方面的价值。膜翅目昆虫的分类和功能响应表明，一些松林火灾可以提高生境异质性和节肢动物多样性，从而增加种间相互作用，如寄生蜂与其宿主之间的相互作用。
