Araujo Douglas, de Oliveira Edson Gabriel, Giroti André Marsola, Mattos Viviane Fagundes, Paula-Neto Emygdio, Brescovit Antonio Domingos, Schneider Marielle Cristina, Cella Doralice Maria
1 Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, U FM S, Setor de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Cidade Universitária, Bairro Universitário, 79070-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
Zoolog Sci. 2014 Feb;31(2):83-8. doi: 10.2108/zsj.31.83.
The present study elevates the number of cytogenetically analyzed ctenid species and genera from two to eight and six, respectively, presenting comparisons between chromosomal data obtained and the phylogenetic hypothesis proposed in the literature. Six ctenid species presented 13 autosomal pairs, exhibiting either X1X2O (Ctenus ornatus, Ctenus sp., Parabatinga brevipes and Phoneutria nigriventer) or X1X2X3O sex chromosome systems (Nothroctenus sp. and Viracucha andicola). Asthenoctenus borellii showed 2n ♂ = 20 + X1X2O. In all species, the chromosomes were telocentric. Some cells of one C. ornatus specimen exhibited one extra chromosome that, considering the behavioral similarities between the two chromosomes, can be considered to be supernumerary, derived from or giving rise to a sex chromosome. Silver impregnation revealed nucleolar organizer regions on one autosomal pair of C. ornatus and P. nigriventer (Cteninae) and two pairs of V. andicola (Acanthocteninae). Chromosomal data suggests that the X1X2X3O system arose several times in the evolution of entelegyne spiders, and that conversion of an X1X2O system into an X1X2X3O system and vice-versa has been a relatively common event in spiders. All the chromosomal data corroborate the close relationship between Ctenus and Phoneutria, the placement of P. brevipes within Cteninae, the placement of Anahita in a separated branch within Cteninae, and the inclusion of A. borellii in a distinct group within the ctenids (Viridasiinae), all of which are as proposed by phylogenetic hypotheses available in the literature.
本研究将细胞遗传学分析的栉足蛛科物种和属的数量分别从两个提升到了八个和六个，并对所获得的染色体数据与文献中提出的系统发育假说进行了比较。六种栉足蛛科物种有13对常染色体，呈现出X1X2O（饰栉足蛛、栉足蛛属、短足副栉足蛛和黑腹捕鸟蛛）或X1X2X3O性染色体系统（诺氏栉足蛛、安第斯栉足蛛）。博氏弱栉足蛛显示2n ♂ = 20 + X1X2O。在所有物种中，染色体均为端着丝粒染色体。一只饰栉足蛛标本的一些细胞显示有一条额外的染色体，考虑到这两条染色体之间的行为相似性，可认为它是B染色体，源自性染色体或由性染色体衍生而来。银染显示在饰栉足蛛和黑腹捕鸟蛛（栉足蛛亚科）的一对常染色体以及安第斯栉足蛛（棘栉足蛛亚科）的两对常染色体上有核仁组织区。染色体数据表明，X1X2X3O系统在全雌亚目蜘蛛的进化过程中出现了好几次，并且X1X2O系统与X1X2X3O系统之间的转换在蜘蛛中是相对常见的事件。所有染色体数据都证实了栉足蛛属与捕鸟蛛属之间的密切关系、短足副栉足蛛在栉足蛛亚科中的位置、阿纳希塔栉足蛛在栉足蛛亚科内一个单独分支中的位置，以及博氏弱栉足蛛被归入栉足蛛科内一个独特的类群（绿栉足蛛亚科），所有这些都与文献中可用的系统发育假说所提出的一致。
