Lilongwe, Malawi.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2014 Apr;1312:91-104. doi: 10.1111/nyas.12349. Epub 2014 Feb 12.
Corn flour and maize meal fortification can benefit the consumer when the added nutrient contents are in amounts appropriate to address nutrient gaps. Legislative instruments (standards and regulations) are needed to provide guidance to the producers and food control authorities. We reviewed a number of national standards and regulations of fortified corn flour and maize meal and identified constraints; contrary to current belief, the practice of using minimum contents or ranges of nutrients has caused confusion, misinterpretation, and conflict, and should therefore be abandoned. On the basis of the findings, a model of fortification legislation is proposed, in which the additional content and the expected average nutrient content in a final product are recommended as the main parameters for quality control and enforcement. For labeling, the average content, or one adjusted to the expected content of the product at the market, can be applied. Variation in micronutrient contents should still be checked to ensure homogeneity but with adherence to clear procedures of sampling and testing, which should be part of the standards and regulations.
玉米粉和玉米糁强化可以使消费者受益，只要添加的营养成分的数量适宜，以弥补营养缺口。立法文书（标准和法规）需要为生产者和食品控制当局提供指导。我们审查了一些强化玉米粉和玉米糁的国家标准和法规，并确定了存在的限制；与当前的观点相反，使用最低含量或营养素范围的做法造成了混乱、误解和冲突，因此应该摒弃。基于这些发现，提出了一种强化立法模式，其中建议将额外的含量和最终产品中预期的平均营养素含量作为质量控制和执行的主要参数。对于标签，可以应用平均含量，或调整为产品在市场上的预期含量。仍然需要检查微量营养素含量的变化，以确保均匀性，但要遵守明确的抽样和测试程序，这些程序应成为标准和法规的一部分。
