Chevrot Michael, Passilly-Degrace Patricia, Ancel Déborah, Bernard Arnaud, Enderli Géraldine, Gomes Marlène, Robin Isabelle, Issanchou Sylvie, Vergès Bruno, Nicklaus Sophie, Besnard Philippe
From Physiologie de la Nutrition et Toxicologie (MC, PP-D, DA, AB, MG, and PB) and Physiopathologie des Dyslipidémies (IR and BV), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) U866, Institut National de la Santé et de Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Bourgogne/AgroSup Dijon, Dijon, France; the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR6265 (GE, MG, SI, and SN) and the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Dijon, France (GE, MG, SI, and SN); and the Université de Bourgogne, UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Dijon, France (GE, MG, SI, and SN).
Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 May;99(5):975-83. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.077198. Epub 2014 Feb 12.
The association between the orosensory detection of lipids, preference for fatty foods, and body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) is controversial in humans.
We explored the oral lipid-sensing system and the orosensory-induced autonomic reflex system in lean and obese subjects.
Lean (BMI: 19 to <25; n = 30) and obese (BMI >30; n = 29) age-matched men were enrolled. Their oral threshold sensitivity to linoleic acid (LA) was determined by using a 3-alternative forced-choice ascending procedure, and their eating habits were established by the analysis of 4 consecutive 24-h food-consumption diaries. The effect of brief oral lipid stimulations on plasma triglyceride [(TG)pl] concentrations was analyzed in overnight-fasted lean and obese individuals subjected to a whole-mouth stimulation (sip-and-spit procedure) with a control or 1% LA emulsions for 5 min according to a within-subject randomized design.
A large distribution of LA detection was shown in both groups. Mean detection thresholds were 0.053% (wt:wt) and 0.071% (wt:wt) in lean and obese subjects, respectively. No relation between the LA detection threshold and BMI was observed. The 5 subjects who detected only the higher concentration of LA (5% wt:wt) or were unable to distinguish properly between control and LA emulsions were obese. An analysis of dietary habits showed that these obese LA nontasters consumed more lipids and energy than did all other subjects. Brief whole-mouth stimulations (sip-and-spit procedure) with a control or 1% LA emulsion revealed an LA-mediated rise in (TG)pl concentrations in overnight-fasted, lean subjects. The origin of this change seemed to be hepatic. This (TG)pl upregulation was not shown in obese subjects, which suggested that obesity led to disturbances in the oral-brainstem-periphery loop.
Altogether, these data strongly suggest that obesity may interfere with the orosensory system responsible for the detection of free long-chain fatty acids in humans. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02028975.
在人类中，口腔对脂质的感觉、对高脂食物的偏好与体重指数（BMI，单位为kg/m²）之间的关联存在争议。
我们探究了体重正常和肥胖受试者的口腔脂质感知系统以及口腔感觉诱导的自主反射系统。
招募了年龄匹配的体重正常男性（BMI：19至<25；n = 30）和肥胖男性（BMI>30；n = 29）。通过三选一强迫选择递增程序测定他们对亚油酸（LA）的口腔阈值敏感性，并通过分析连续4天的24小时食物消费日记来确定他们的饮食习惯。根据受试者内随机设计，对过夜禁食的体重正常和肥胖个体进行全口刺激（啜饮和吐出程序），分别用对照乳液或1%LA乳液刺激5分钟，分析短暂口腔脂质刺激对血浆甘油三酯[（TG）pl]浓度的影响。
两组均显示出LA检测的广泛分布。体重正常和肥胖受试者的平均检测阈值分别为0.053%（重量比）和0.071%（重量比）。未观察到LA检测阈值与BMI之间的关系。仅能检测到较高浓度LA（5%重量比）或无法正确区分对照乳液和LA乳液的5名受试者为肥胖者。饮食习惯分析表明，这些肥胖的LA非尝味者比所有其他受试者摄入了更多的脂质和能量。用对照乳液或1%LA乳液进行短暂全口刺激（啜饮和吐出程序）显示，过夜禁食的体重正常受试者中，LA介导了（TG）pl浓度的升高。这种变化的来源似乎是肝脏。肥胖受试者未出现这种（TG）pl上调，这表明肥胖导致口腔-脑干-外周循环紊乱。
总体而言，这些数据强烈表明，肥胖可能会干扰人类负责检测游离长链脂肪酸的口腔感觉系统。该试验已在clinicaltrials.gov上注册，注册号为NCT02028975。
