UMR 1231 Lipides/Nutrition/Cancer INSERM/Univ Bourgogne-Franche Comté/AgroSup Dijon, 21000, Dijon, France.
Physiologie de La Nutrition, AgroSup Dijon, 26 Bd Dr Petitjean, 21000, Dijon, France.
Acta Diabetol. 2020 Dec;57(12):1445-1451. doi: 10.1007/s00592-020-01567-9. Epub 2020 Jul 16.
Type 2 diabetes leads to multiple sensory dysfunctions affecting notably the gustatory sensitivity. Although this sensory defect, by impacting food choices, might lead to unhealthy eating behavior, underlying mechanisms remains poorly studied. We have recently reported that the composition of microbiota in contact with circumvallate gustatory papillae might affect the orosensory perception of lipids in lean and normoglycemic obese subjects. This finding has prompted us to explore whether such a phenomenon also occurs in diabetic obese patients.
The composition of microbiota surrounding the circumvallate papillae was analyzed in combination with the linoleic acid perception thresholds in male insulin-resistant patients and weight-matched healthy controls. Two complementary comparisons were performed: (1) controls vs diabetic and (2) diabetic low-lipid tasters versus diabetic high-lipid tasters.
Despite subtle modifications in the oral microbiota composition, comparison of orosensory lipid perception in controls and diabetic subjects did not lead to discriminating data due to the large inter-individual variability of linoleic acid perception thresholds. In contrast, specific bacterial signatures were found by comparing diabetic low- and high-lipid tasters leading to differential molecular pathways. Surprisingly, a lower fatty taste perception was mainly found in patients treated with metformin and/or statins, suggesting a possible side effect of these antidiabetic and/or hypolipidemic drugs on taste acuity.
Collectively, these data show that the diabetic patients with defective fatty taste detection are characterized by a specific microbiota metabolism at the circumvallate papillae levels, this occurrence seeming amplified by drugs commonly used to counteract the damaging metabolic effects of T2D. Trial registration for original previous studies: ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT02028975.
2 型糖尿病可导致多种感觉功能障碍，尤其影响味觉敏感性。尽管这种感觉缺陷会影响食物选择，从而导致不健康的饮食行为，但潜在机制仍未得到充分研究。我们最近报道称，与轮廓乳突接触的微生物群落的组成可能会影响瘦素和正常血糖肥胖受试者对脂质的口腔感知。这一发现促使我们探索这种现象是否也发生在糖尿病肥胖患者中。
分析了男性胰岛素抵抗患者和体重匹配的健康对照者的环咽乳头周围微生物群落的组成与亚油酸感知阈值之间的关系。进行了两种互补的比较：（1）对照组与糖尿病组，（2）糖尿病低味觉组与糖尿病高味觉组。
尽管口腔微生物群落组成有细微变化，但由于亚油酸感知阈值的个体间差异较大，对照者和糖尿病患者的口腔脂质感知比较并未得出区分数据。相比之下，通过比较糖尿病低味觉和高味觉者发现了特定的细菌特征，导致了不同的分子途径。令人惊讶的是，较低的脂肪味觉感知主要发生在接受二甲双胍和/或他汀类药物治疗的患者中，表明这些抗糖尿病和/或降脂药物可能对味觉敏锐度有副作用。
总的来说，这些数据表明，味觉缺陷的糖尿病患者在环咽乳头水平具有特定的微生物群落代谢特征，这种情况似乎因常用于对抗 2 型糖尿病破坏性代谢影响的药物而加剧。原始先前研究的临床试验注册：ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT02028975。
