van Zelst Catherine, van Nierop Martine, Oorschot Margreet, Myin-Germeys Inez, van Os Jim, Delespaul Philippe
Maastricht University Medical Centre, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, EURON, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Maastricht University Medical Centre, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, EURON, Maastricht, The Netherlands ; Yulius Academy, Yulius, Organisation for Mental Health, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
PLoS One. 2014 Feb 11;9(2):e88586. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088586. eCollection 2014.
Stigma is an important environmental risk factor for a variety of outcomes in schizophrenia. In order to understand and remediate its effects, research is required to assess how stigma experiences are processed at the level of the individual. To this end, stereotype awareness (SA) with respect to people with mental illness and their families was explored in persons with psychotic disorder.
Data from the Dutch Genetic Risk and OUtcome of Psychosis project (GROUP) were analyzed. SA was measured using scales that assess a respondent's perception of common opinions about people with a mental illness and their families.
People with higher level of self-esteem were less aware of stereotypes about patients and families. People with more severe psychopathology reported more awareness of stereotypes about families, not about patients.
Enhancing psychological resources, by increasing self-esteem and the ability to cope with symptoms, can be targeted to diminish stereotype threat and improve stigma resilience. Interventions can be tailored to individual differences to increase their impact. Furthermore, in order to diminish detrimental consequences of negative stereotypes, mental health professionals, health educators and experts by experience can inform the public about mental illness and stigma.
污名是精神分裂症多种结局的重要环境风险因素。为了理解并纠正其影响，需要开展研究以评估个体层面如何处理污名经历。为此，在患有精神障碍的人群中探索了对患有精神疾病者及其家人的刻板印象意识（SA）。
对荷兰精神病遗传风险与结局项目（GROUP）的数据进行了分析。使用评估受访者对有关患有精神疾病者及其家人的普遍看法认知的量表来测量SA。
自尊水平较高的人对患者及其家人的刻板印象认知较少。精神病理学症状较严重的人报告对家人的刻板印象认知较多，而非对患者的刻板印象认知。
通过提高自尊和应对症状的能力来增强心理资源，可以针对性地减少刻板印象威胁并提高抗污名能力。干预措施可以根据个体差异进行调整，以增强其效果。此外，为了减少负面刻板印象的有害后果，心理健康专业人员、健康教育工作者和有经验的专家可以向公众宣传精神疾病和污名问题。
