Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, South Korea.
Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan.
Fungal Biol. 2014 Feb;118(2):150-67. doi: 10.1016/j.funbio.2013.11.004. Epub 2013 Dec 1.
Hyaloscyphaceae is the largest family in Helotiales, Leotiomycetes. It is mainly characterized by minute apothecia with well-differentiated hairs, but its taxonomic delimitation and infrafamilial classification remain ambiguous. This study performed molecular phylogenetic analyses using multiple genes including the ITS-5.8S rDNA, the D1-D2 region of large subunit of rDNA, RNA polymerase II subunit 2, and the mitochondrial small subunit. The primary objective was to evaluate the phylogenetic utility of morphological characters traditionally used in the taxonomy of Hyaloscyphaceae through reassessment of the monophyly of this family and its genera. The phylogenetic analyses inferred Hyaloscyphaceae as being a heterogeneous assemblage of a diverse group of fungi and not supported as monophyletic. Among the three tribes of Hyaloscyphaceae only Lachneae formed a monophyletic lineage. The presence of hairs is rejected as a synapomorphy, since morphologically diversified hairs have originated independently during the evolution of Helotiales. The true- and false-subiculum in Arachnopezizeae are hypothesized to have evolved through different evolutionary processes; the true-subiculum is likely the product of a single evolutionary origin, while the false-subiculum is hypothesized to have originated multiple times. Since Hyaloscyphaceae sensu lato was not resolved as monophyletic, Hyaloscyphaceae sensu stricto is redefined and only applied to the genus Hyaloscypha.
茎点霉科是座囊菌纲柔膜菌目的一个最大的科。它的主要特征是小型子囊果，具有明显分化的毛，但它的分类界限和亚科分类仍然不明确。本研究通过使用多个基因进行分子系统发育分析，包括 ITS-5.8S rDNA、核糖体大亚基的 D1-D2 区、RNA 聚合酶 II 亚基 2 和线粒体小亚基。主要目的是通过重新评估该科及其属的形态特征在分类学中的系统发育实用性，来评估传统上用于茎点霉科分类的形态特征的系统发育实用性。系统发育分析推断茎点霉科是一个真菌多样性群体的异质组合，不支持其为单系群。在茎点霉科的三个族中，只有 Lachneae 形成了一个单系谱系。毛的存在被拒绝为一个同源特征，因为在座囊菌目的进化过程中，形态多样化的毛已经独立起源。Arachnopezizeae 中的真和假亚基被假设是通过不同的进化过程进化而来的；真亚基可能是单一进化起源的产物，而假亚基则被假设是多次起源的。由于广义的茎点霉科没有被解析为单系群，狭义的茎点霉科被重新定义，仅应用于 Hyaloscypha 属。
