Yamaguchi Kaoru
a Biological Resource Center (NBRC), National Institute of Technology and Evaluation.
Mycoscience. 2023 Sep 30;64(5):128-135. doi: 10.47371/mycosci.2023.09.001. eCollection 2023.
Aero-aquatic fungi compose an ecological group of saprophytes inhabiting the submerged decaying substrates in stagnant freshwater environment. They produce three-dimensional shaped, multi-cellular conidia, which float on water surface by holding air between conidial cells. Because the conidia show diverse morphology, genus and species level classification have been based on their features. They are mostly known as asexual morphs of Ascomycota or Basidiomycota. Recent phylogenetic study revealed the aero-aquatic fungi appeared mainly in the lineages of Leotiomycetes, Dothideomycetes, and Sordariomycetes. Furthermore, the phylogenetic tree showed the aero-aquatic fungi have polyphyletic origins and similar three-dimensional conidial morphology generated as a convergent evolution among different lineages of fungi by the selection pressure for inhabiting freshwater environment. Recent studies suggested the ancestors of the aero-aquatic fungi were terrestrial fungi.
气生水生真菌构成了一个腐生生物的生态类群，它们栖息在淡水静止环境中被淹没的腐烂基质上。它们产生三维形状的多细胞分生孢子，这些分生孢子通过在分生孢子细胞之间保持空气而漂浮在水面上。由于分生孢子表现出多样的形态，属和种水平的分类一直基于它们的特征。它们大多被认为是子囊菌门或担子菌门的无性型。最近的系统发育研究表明，气生水生真菌主要出现在柔膜菌纲、座囊菌纲和粪壳菌纲的谱系中。此外，系统发育树显示气生水生真菌具有多系起源，并且由于适应淡水环境的选择压力，不同真菌谱系之间通过趋同进化产生了相似的三维分生孢子形态。最近的研究表明，气生水生真菌的祖先是陆生真菌。
