Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales, Antigua Escuela Normal Rural de Salaices, Salaices, López, Mexico.
Facultad de Ciencias Agrotecnológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua, Mexico.
Fungal Biol. 2014 Feb;118(2):211-21. doi: 10.1016/j.funbio.2013.11.012. Epub 2013 Dec 11.
Antagonistic Trichoderma spp. are used throughout the world for the biological control of soil-borne plant diseases. This approach has stimulated an on-going search for more efficient mycoparasitic strains with a high potential for producing extracellular lytic enzymes. This study compares the production of lytic enzymes by native strains of Trichoderma asperellum and Trichoderma longibrachiatum on substrates of differing complexity. The quantity of protein induced by Agaricus bisporus-based medium was higher than that induced by Phymatotrichopsis omnivora-based medium. In P. omnivora medium, T. asperellum exhibited higher chitinolytic and β-1,3-glucanolytic activities than T. longibrachiatum. The enzyme profile was related to the previously reported ability of these strains to inhibit the growth of several soil-borne plant pathogens. NAGase production was similar among the tested indigenous strains of T. longibrachiatum; T479 and T359 produced more endochitinase, T479 produced more glucanase, and T341 and T359 produced more β-1,3-glucanase. The detected variations in glucanase and β-1,3-glucanase activities suggest that the production of these enzymes is strongly influenced by the substrate. Strains T397 and T359 exhibited xylanase activity, which triggers defence mechanisms in plants. Thus, these strains may utilise an additional mechanism of biocontrol.
拮抗木霉属真菌被广泛应用于防治土传植物病害的生物防治。这种方法刺激了人们不断寻找更有效的具有产生细胞外溶菌酶高潜力的生防菌株。本研究比较了原生的asperellum 木霉属和 Trichoderma longibrachiatum 在不同复杂程度的基质上产生溶菌酶的情况。基于双孢蘑菇的培养基诱导的蛋白质产量高于基于 Phymatotrichopsis omnivora 的培养基。在 P. omnivora 培养基中，T. asperellum 比 T. longibrachiatum 表现出更高的几丁质酶和 β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性。该酶谱与这些菌株先前报道的抑制几种土传植物病原菌生长的能力有关。在所测试的 Trichoderma longibrachiatum 土著菌株中，NAGase 的产生相似；T479 和 T359 产生更多的内切几丁质酶，T479 产生更多的葡聚糖酶，而 T341 和 T359 产生更多的β-1,3-葡聚糖酶。所检测到的葡聚糖酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性的变化表明，这些酶的产生受到底物的强烈影响。菌株 T397 和 T359 表现出木聚糖酶活性，这会触发植物的防御机制。因此，这些菌株可能利用了一种额外的生物防治机制。
