Sanz Luis, Montero Manuel, Grondona Isabel, Vizcaíno Juan Antonio, Llobell Antonio, Hermosa Rosa, Monte Enrique
Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Centro Hispano Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
Curr Genet. 2004 Nov;46(5):277-86. doi: 10.1007/s00294-004-0532-6.
Trichoderma is known for being the most frequently used biocontrol agent in agriculture. A fundamental part of the Trichoderma antifungal system relies on a series of genes coding for a variety of extracellular lytic enzymes. Characterization of the polymorphism between five putative isoenzymatic activities [beta-1,3-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.39, EC 3.2.1.58), beta-1,6-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.75), cellulase (EC 3.2.1.4; EC 3.2.1.21, EC 3.2.1.91), chitinase (EC 3.2.1.30, EC 3.2.1.52), protease (EC 3.4.11; EC 3.4.13-19; EC 3.4.21-24, EC 3.4.99)] was carried out using 18 strains from three sections of Trichoderma. Of these, seven strains were from T. sect. Pachybasium, nine from T. sect. Trichoderma and two from T. sect. Longibrachiatum. Thirty-seven different alleles in total were identified: 13 for beta-1,3-glucanase, four for beta-1,6-glucanase, three for cellulase, eight for chitinase and nine for protease activity. A dendrogram (constructed by the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages) based on isoenzymatic data separated the 18 strains into three main enzymatic groups: T. harzianum, T. atroviride/T. viride/T. koningii and T. asperellum/T. hamatum/T. longibrachiatum. Isoenzymatic groupings obtained from biocontrol strains are discussed in relation to their phylogenetic location, based on their sequence of internal transcribed spacer 1 in ribosomal DNA and their antifungal activities.
木霉是农业中最常用的生物防治剂。木霉抗真菌系统的一个基本部分依赖于一系列编码各种细胞外裂解酶的基因。利用来自木霉三个组的18个菌株，对5种假定的同工酶活性[β-1,3-葡聚糖酶（EC 3.2.1.39，EC 3.2.1.58）、β-1,6-葡聚糖酶（EC 3.2.1.75）、纤维素酶（EC 3.2.1.4；EC 3.2.1.21，EC 3.2.1.91）、几丁质酶（EC 3.2.1.30，EC 3.2.1.52）、蛋白酶（EC 3.4.11；EC 3.4.13 - 19；EC 3.4.21 - 24，EC 3.4.99）]之间的多态性进行了表征。其中，7个菌株来自厚基木霉组，9个来自木霉组，2个来自长枝木霉组。总共鉴定出37个不同的等位基因：β-1,3-葡聚糖酶有13个，β-1,6-葡聚糖酶有4个，纤维素酶有3个，几丁质酶有8个，蛋白酶活性有9个。基于同工酶数据构建的树状图（采用算术平均的非加权配对组法构建）将18个菌株分为三个主要酶类群：哈茨木霉、绿色木霉/深绿木霉/康氏木霉和棘孢木霉/钩状木霉/长枝木霉。根据生物防治菌株的核糖体DNA内部转录间隔区1序列及其抗真菌活性，讨论了从生物防治菌株获得的同工酶分组与其系统发育位置的关系。
