Chen Yu, Li Chen, Zhou Zhengxi, Wen Jianping, You Xueyi, Mao Youzhi, Lu Chunzhe, Huo Guangxin, Jia Xiaoqiang
Department of Environmental Science, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.
Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2014 Apr;172(7):3433-47. doi: 10.1007/s12010-014-0777-6. Epub 2014 Feb 16.
In this study, two strains, Acinetobacter sp. XM-02 and Pseudomonas sp. XM-01, were isolated from soil samples polluted by crude oil at Bohai offshore. The former one could degrade alkane hydrocarbons (crude oil and diesel, 1:4 (v/v)) and crude oil efficiently; the latter one failed to grow on alkane hydrocarbons but could produce rhamnolipid (a biosurfactant) with glycerol as sole carbon source. Compared with pure culture, mixed culture of the two strains showed higher capability in degrading alkane hydrocarbons and crude oil of which degradation rate were increased from 89.35 and 74.32 ± 4.09 to 97.41 and 87.29 ± 2.41 %, respectively. In the mixed culture, Acinetobacter sp. XM-02 grew fast with sufficient carbon source and produced intermediates which were subsequently utilized for the growth of Pseudomonas sp. XM-01 and then, rhamnolipid was produced by Pseudomonas sp. XM-01. Till the end of the process, Acinetobacter sp. XM-02 was inhibited by the rapid growth of Pseudomonas sp. XM-01. In addition, alkane hydrocarbon degradation rate of the mixed culture increased by 8.06 to 97.41 % compared with 87.29 % of the pure culture. The surface tension of medium dropping from 73.2 × 10(-3) to 28.6 × 10(-3) N/m. Based on newly found cooperation between the degrader and the coworking strain, rational investigations and optimal strategies to alkane hydrocarbons biodegradation were utilized for enhancing crude oil biodegradation.
在本研究中，从渤海近海受原油污染的土壤样品中分离出两株菌，即不动杆菌属XM - 02菌株和假单胞菌属XM - 01菌株。前者能够高效降解烷烃类物质（原油和柴油，体积比1:4）和原油；后者不能在烷烃类物质上生长，但能以甘油作为唯一碳源产生鼠李糖脂（一种生物表面活性剂）。与纯培养相比，两株菌的混合培养在降解烷烃类物质和原油方面表现出更高的能力，其降解率分别从89.35%和74.32±4.09%提高到97.41%和87.29±2.41%。在混合培养中，不动杆菌属XM - 02菌株在有充足碳源的情况下生长迅速，并产生中间产物，随后这些中间产物被假单胞菌属XM - 01菌株利用来生长，接着假单胞菌属XM - 01菌株产生鼠李糖脂。到这个过程结束时，不动杆菌属XM - 02菌株受到假单胞菌属XM - 01菌株快速生长的抑制。此外，混合培养的烷烃类物质降解率从纯培养的87.29%提高到97.41%，提高了8.06%。培养基的表面张力从73.2×10(-3) N/m降至28.6×10(-3) N/m。基于新发现的降解菌与协同菌株之间的合作关系，利用合理的研究方法和优化策略来进行烷烃类物质的生物降解，以提高原油的生物降解效果。
