Atik Alp
Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW Australia ; Medical Teaching and Administration Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050 Australia.
Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014 Jan;66(Suppl 1):1-5. doi: 10.1007/s12070-011-0374-8. Epub 2011 Dec 15.
Tinnitus is a perception of sound in proximity to the head with the absence of an external source. It is estimated to occur in 15-20% of the world's population, with 1-3% of cases severely affecting quality of life. Severe tinnitus is frequently associated with depression, anxiety and insomnia. Tinnitus has been associated with a variety of risk factors, including prolonged noise exposure, head and neck injury and infection. The most recent pathophysiologic theory of tinnitus suggests that the central nervous system is the source or "generator" of this condition. However, treatment modalities are still aimed at lessening the awareness of tinnitus and its impact on quality of life rather than attaining a definitive cure. Currently, no drug is available that has demonstrated replicable, long-term reduction of tinnitus impact in excess of placebo effects. However, the market value of such an agent is estimated to be $1.1 billion, with a potential for increase with an aging and longer-living population. This review assesses the current developments in the pathophysiology and treatment for tinnitus, which remains a chronic and debilitating condition.
耳鸣是在头部附近感觉到有声音，但不存在外部声源。据估计，世界上15%至20%的人口会出现耳鸣，其中1%至3%的病例会严重影响生活质量。严重耳鸣常与抑郁、焦虑和失眠相关。耳鸣与多种风险因素有关，包括长期噪音暴露、头颈部损伤和感染。耳鸣最新的病理生理学理论表明，中枢神经系统是这种病症的根源或“发生器”。然而，治疗方式仍旨在减轻对耳鸣的感知及其对生活质量的影响，而非实现彻底治愈。目前，尚无药物能证明其对耳鸣影响的长期减轻效果超过安慰剂效应且可重复。然而，此类药物的市场价值估计为11亿美元，随着人口老龄化和寿命延长，其市场价值还有增长潜力。本综述评估了耳鸣病理生理学和治疗方面的当前进展，耳鸣仍是一种慢性且使人衰弱的病症。
