Jones Jonathan D G, Witek Kamil, Verweij Walter, Jupe Florian, Cooke David, Dorling Stephen, Tomlinson Laurence, Smoker Matthew, Perkins Sara, Foster Simon
The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, , Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2014 Feb 17;369(1639):20130087. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0087. Print 2014 Apr 5.
Essentially all plant species exhibit heritable genetic variation for resistance to a variety of plant diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, oomycetes or viruses. Disease losses in crop monocultures are already significant, and would be greater but for applications of disease-controlling agrichemicals. For sustainable intensification of crop production, we argue that disease control should as far as possible be achieved using genetics rather than using costly recurrent chemical sprays. The latter imply CO₂ emissions from diesel fuel and potential soil compaction from tractor journeys. Great progress has been made in the past 25 years in our understanding of the molecular basis of plant disease resistance mechanisms, and of how pathogens circumvent them. These insights can inform more sophisticated approaches to elevating disease resistance in crops that help us tip the evolutionary balance in favour of the crop and away from the pathogen. We illustrate this theme with an account of a genetically modified (GM) blight-resistant potato trial in Norwich, using the Rpi-vnt1.1 gene isolated from a wild relative of potato, Solanum venturii, and introduced by GM methods into the potato variety Desiree.
基本上所有植物物种都表现出对由真菌、细菌、卵菌或病毒引起的多种植物病害的可遗传遗传变异。作物单一栽培中的病害损失已经很严重，若不使用控制病害的农用化学品，损失会更大。为了实现作物生产的可持续集约化，我们认为病害控制应尽可能通过遗传学手段来实现，而不是使用成本高昂的反复化学喷雾。后者意味着柴油燃料产生的二氧化碳排放以及拖拉机行驶可能导致的土壤压实。在过去25年里，我们在理解植物抗病机制的分子基础以及病原体如何规避这些机制方面取得了巨大进展。这些见解可以为提高作物抗病性的更复杂方法提供依据，帮助我们扭转进化平衡，使其有利于作物而远离病原体。我们通过讲述在诺维奇进行的一项转基因抗晚疫病马铃薯试验来阐述这一主题，该试验使用了从马铃薯野生近缘种文图拉茄中分离出的Rpi-vnt1.1基因，并通过转基因方法将其导入马铃薯品种德西蕾。
