Dimence, The Netherlands
University Medical Center St Radboud, The Netherlands.
Autism. 2015 May;19(4):400-8. doi: 10.1177/1362361314522352. Epub 2014 Feb 17.
Autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder overlap in several ways, raising questions about the nature of this comorbidity. Rommelse et al. published an innovative review of candidate endophenotypes for autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in cognitive and brain domains. They found that all the endophenotypic impairments that were reviewed in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder were also present in autism spectrum disorder, suggesting a continuity model with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder as "a light form of autism spectrum disorder." Using existing data, 75 adults with autism spectrum disorder and 53 with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder were directly compared on autistic symptoms with the autism spectrum quotient, and on the endophenotypic measure of temperament and character, using the Abbreviated (Dutch: Verkorte) Temperament and Character Inventory. Based on the hypothesis that attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder are disorders on a continuous spectrum, autism spectrum quotient scores and abbreviated Temperament and Character Inventory scores were expected to be different from normal controls in both disorders in a similar direction. In addition, the autism spectrum quotient and abbreviated Temperament and Character Inventory scores were expected to be closely correlated. These conditions applied to only two of the seven Abbreviated Temperament and Character Inventory scales (harm avoidance and self-directedness), suggesting that temperament and character as an endophenotype of autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder provides only partial support for the continuity hypothesis of autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
自闭症谱系障碍和注意缺陷多动障碍在多个方面存在重叠，这引发了人们对这种共病性质的疑问。Rommelse 等人发表了一篇关于自闭症谱系障碍和注意缺陷多动障碍认知和大脑领域候选内表型的创新性综述。他们发现，在注意缺陷多动障碍中综述的所有内表型损伤在自闭症谱系障碍中也存在，这表明存在一种连续性模型，其中注意缺陷多动障碍是“自闭症谱系障碍的轻度形式”。使用现有数据，对 75 名自闭症谱系障碍患者和 53 名注意缺陷多动障碍患者进行了直接比较，比较了自闭症谱系商数的自闭症症状，以及使用简明（荷兰语：Verkorte）气质和性格量表的内表型测量气质和性格。基于注意缺陷多动障碍和自闭症谱系障碍是连续谱上的障碍的假设，预计自闭症谱系商数和简明气质与性格量表的分数在两种障碍中都与正常对照组存在相似方向的差异。此外，自闭症谱系商数和简明气质与性格量表的分数预计会密切相关。这些条件仅适用于简明气质与性格量表的七个量表中的两个（回避和自我导向），这表明作为自闭症谱系障碍和注意缺陷多动障碍内表型的气质和性格仅对内表型的连续性假设提供了部分支持。
