Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, 3426-3 Anesaki, Ichihara, 299-0111, Japan.
Department of Psychology, Sapporo International University, Sapporo, Japan.
Sci Rep. 2022 Feb 24;12(1):3125. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-07101-x.
Reported empathy deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) could be attributable to other ASD-related features. We evaluated 28 ASD adults with no intellectual disability and 24 age-matched non-ASD control subjects using the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ), Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE), Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), and NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO). Compared to the controls, ASD participants showed lower scores for perspective taking, online simulation, cognitive empathy, and peripheral responsivity on the QCAE, and lower scores for perspective taking and empathic concern on the IRI. Within the ASD group, the AQ scores showed significant relationships with perspective taking, online simulation and cognitive empathy on the QCAE, and perspective taking on the IRI. The ASD group also showed higher scores for neuroticism and lower scores for extraversion on the NEO compared to the controls. However, there were no relationships between AQ scores and NEO factors within the ASD group. Multiple regression analysis with stepwise linear regression demonstrated that perspective taking score on the QCAE and extraversion score on the NEO were good predictor variables to autistic traits on the AQ. These findings help us to understand empathy and personality traits in ASD adults with no intellectual disability.
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）患者的同理心缺陷可能归因于其他与 ASD 相关的特征。我们使用自闭症谱系商数（AQ）、认知和情感同理心问卷（QCAE）、人际反应指数（IRI）和 NEO 人格量表修订版（NEO）评估了 28 名无智力障碍的 ASD 成年患者和 24 名年龄匹配的非 ASD 对照组。与对照组相比，ASD 组在 QCAE 的换位思考、在线模拟、认知同理心和周边反应方面得分较低，在 IRI 的换位思考和同理心关注方面得分较低。在 ASD 组中，AQ 得分与 QCAE 的换位思考、在线模拟和认知同理心以及 IRI 的换位思考呈显著相关。与对照组相比，ASD 组在 NEO 上的神经质得分较高，外向得分较低。然而，在 ASD 组中，AQ 得分与 NEO 因子之间没有关系。逐步线性回归的多元回归分析表明，QCAE 的换位思考得分和 NEO 的外向得分是 AQ 自闭症特征的良好预测变量。这些发现有助于我们了解无智力障碍的 ASD 成年患者的同理心和人格特征。
