Beever Erik A, Mattsson Brady J, Germino Matthew J, Burg Max Post Van Der, Bradford John B, Brunson Mark W
U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Bozeman, MT, U.S.A..
Conserv Biol. 2014 Apr;28(2):302-14. doi: 10.1111/cobi.12233. Epub 2014 Feb 18.
Integration of conservation partnerships across geographic, biological, and administrative boundaries is increasingly relevant because drivers of change, such as climate shifts, transcend these boundaries. We explored successes and challenges of established conservation programs that span multiple watersheds and consider both social and ecological concerns. We asked representatives from a diverse set of 11 broad-extent conservation partnerships in 29 countries 17 questions that pertained to launching and maintaining partnerships for broad-extent conservation, specifying ultimate management objectives, and implementation and learning. Partnerships invested more funds in implementing conservation actions than any other aspect of conservation, and a program's context (geographic extent, United States vs. other countries, developed vs. developing nation) appeared to substantially affect program approach. Despite early successes of these organizations and benefits of broad-extent conservation, specific challenges related to uncertainties in scaling up information and to coordination in the face of diverse partner governance structures, conflicting objectives, and vast uncertainties regarding future system dynamics hindered long-term success, as demonstrated by the focal organizations. Engaging stakeholders, developing conservation measures, and implementing adaptive management were dominant challenges. To inform future research on broad-extent conservation, we considered several challenges when we developed detailed questions, such as what qualities of broad-extent partnerships ensure they complement, integrate, and strengthen, rather than replace, local conservation efforts and which adaptive management processes yield actionable conservation strategies that account explicitly for dynamics and uncertainties regarding multiscale governance, environmental conditions, and knowledge of the system?
跨越地理、生物和行政边界整合保护伙伴关系变得越来越重要，因为气候变化等变化驱动因素超越了这些边界。我们探讨了跨越多个流域并兼顾社会和生态问题的既定保护项目的成功经验和挑战。我们向来自29个国家的11个广泛保护伙伴关系的代表提出了17个问题，这些问题涉及为广泛保护建立和维持伙伴关系、明确最终管理目标以及实施和学习。伙伴关系在实施保护行动上投入的资金比保护的任何其他方面都多，而且一个项目的背景（地理范围、美国与其他国家、发达国家与发展中国家）似乎对项目方法有重大影响。尽管这些组织早期取得了成功，广泛保护也带来了好处，但正如核心组织所表明的那样，与扩大信息规模的不确定性以及面对不同伙伴治理结构、相互冲突的目标和未来系统动态的巨大不确定性时的协调相关的具体挑战阻碍了长期成功。让利益相关者参与、制定保护措施和实施适应性管理是主要挑战。为了为未来关于广泛保护的研究提供信息，我们在制定详细问题时考虑了几个挑战，例如广泛伙伴关系的哪些特质能确保它们补充、整合和加强而不是取代地方保护努力，以及哪些适应性管理过程能产生明确考虑多尺度治理、环境条件和系统知识的动态和不确定性的可操作保护策略？
