Cao Yi, Scarfi Maria Rosaria
Mutat Res Rev Mutat Res. 2014 Feb 15. doi: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2014.02.002.
Adaptive response is a phenomenon in which cells which were pre-exposed to extremely low and non-toxic doses of a genotoxic agent became resistant to the damage induced by subsequent exposure to a higher and toxic dose of the same, similar (in action) or another genotoxic agent. Such response has been well documented in scientific literature in cells exposed in vitro and in vivo to low doses of physical (especially, ionizing radiation) and chemical mutagens. The existence of similar phenomenon in mammalian cells exposed in vitro and in vivo to non-ionizing radiofrequency fields has been reported in several research publications. In in vitro studies, human blood lymphocytes exposed to radiofrequency fields and then treated with a genotoxic mutagen or subjected to ionizing radiation showed significantly decreased genetic damage. Similar studies in tumor cells showed significantly increased viability, decreased apoptosis, increased mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased intracellular free Ca and, increased Ca-Mg-ATPase activity. In in vivo studies, exposure of rodents to radiofrequency fields and then to lethal/sub-lethal doses of γ-radiation showed survival advantage, significantly decreased damage in hematopoietic tissues, decreased genetic damage in blood leukocytes and bone marrow cells, increased numbers of colony forming units in bone marrow, increased levels of colony stimulating factor and interleukin-3 in the serum and increased expression of genes related to cell cycle. These observations suggested the ability of radiofrequency fields to induce adaptive response and also indicated some potential mechanisms for the induction of such response. Several gaps in knowledge that need to be investigated were discussed.
适应性反应是一种现象，即预先暴露于极低且无毒剂量的遗传毒性剂的细胞，对随后暴露于相同、相似（作用方面）或另一种遗传毒性剂的更高毒性剂量所诱导的损伤产生抗性。这种反应在体外和体内暴露于低剂量物理（特别是电离辐射）和化学诱变剂的细胞的科学文献中已有充分记载。在几篇研究出版物中报道了在体外和体内暴露于非电离射频场的哺乳动物细胞中存在类似现象。在体外研究中，暴露于射频场然后用遗传毒性诱变剂处理或接受电离辐射的人血淋巴细胞显示出遗传损伤显著减少。在肿瘤细胞中的类似研究显示存活率显著提高、凋亡减少、线粒体膜电位增加、细胞内游离钙减少以及钙 - 镁 - ATP酶活性增加。在体内研究中，将啮齿动物暴露于射频场然后暴露于致死/亚致死剂量的γ辐射显示出生存优势，造血组织损伤显著减少，血液白细胞和骨髓细胞的遗传损伤减少，骨髓中集落形成单位数量增加，血清中集落刺激因子和白细胞介素 - 3水平增加以及与细胞周期相关的基因表达增加。这些观察结果表明射频场具有诱导适应性反应的能力，也指出了诱导这种反应的一些潜在机制。讨论了几个需要研究的知识空白。
