1Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, NORWAY; 2Faculty of Teacher Education, Buskerud University College, Drammen, NORWAY; 3Department of Coaching and Psychology, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, NORWAY; 4Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, NORWAY.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014 Mar;46(3):435-47. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182a702fc.
To examine the effect of a 1-yr school-based intervention program to prevent the development of new cases of eating disorders (ED) and symptoms associated with ED among adolescent female and male elite athletes.
All 16 Norwegian Elite Sport High Schools were included (intervention group [n = 9] and control group [n = 7]). In total, 465 (93.8%) first-year student athletes were followed during high school (2008-2011, three school years). The athletes completed the Eating Disorder Inventory 2 and questions related to ED before (pretest), immediately after (posttest 1), and 9 months after the intervention (posttest 2). Clinical interviews (Eating Disorder Examination) were conducted after the pretest (all with symptoms [n = 115, 97%] and a random sample without symptoms [n = 116, 97%]), and at posttest 2, all athletes were interviewed (n = 463, 99.6%).
Among females, there were no new cases of ED in the intervention schools, while 13% at the control schools had developed and fulfilled the DSM-IV criteria for ED not otherwise specified (n = 7) or bulimia nervosa (n = 1), P = 0.001. The risk of reporting symptoms was lower in the intervention than in the control schools at posttest 1 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.23-0.89). This effect was attenuated by posttest 2 (OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.29-1.09). The intervention showed a relative risk reduction for current dieting (OR = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.02-0.54) and three or more weight loss attempts (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.25-0.90). Among males, there was one new case of ED at posttest 2 (control school) and no difference in the risk of reporting symptoms between groups at posttest 1 or 2.
A 1-yr intervention program can prevent new cases of ED and symptoms associated with ED in adolescent female elite athletes.
研究一项为期 1 年的学校干预计划对预防新的进食障碍（ED）病例和与 ED 相关症状在青少年女性和男性精英运动员中的发展的效果。
纳入了所有 16 所挪威精英体育高中（干预组[n=9]和对照组[n=7]）。共有 465 名（93.8%）一年级新生运动员在高中期间（2008-2011 年，三个学年）接受了随访。运动员在干预前（前测）、干预后即刻（后测 1）和干预后 9 个月（后测 2）完成了《饮食障碍问卷 2》和与 ED 相关的问题。在预测试后（所有有症状[n=115，97%]和随机无症状样本[n=116，97%]）进行了饮食障碍检查的临床访谈，在后测 2 时，对所有运动员（n=463，99.6%）进行了访谈。
在女性中，干预学校没有新的 ED 病例，而对照组学校有 13%的学生出现了 DSM-IV 未特指的 ED 或贪食症（n=7）或神经性贪食症（n=1），P=0.001。在后测 1 时，报告症状的风险在干预组比对照组更低（比值比[OR] = 0.45，95%置信区间[CI] = 0.23-0.89）。这种效果在后测 2 时减弱（OR = 0.57，95% CI = 0.29-1.09）。干预组对当前节食（OR = 0.10，95% CI = 0.02-0.54）和三次或更多次体重减轻尝试（OR = 0.47，95% CI = 0.25-0.90）的相对风险降低。在男性中，在后测 2 时出现了 1 例 ED 新病例，但在前后测时，两组报告症状的风险无差异。
为期 1 年的干预计划可以预防青少年女性精英运动员新的 ED 病例和与 ED 相关的症状。
