Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2013 Jun;45(6):1188-97. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318281a939.
The objective of this study is to examine the prevalence of eating disorders (ED) among female and male adolescent elite athletes and nonathletic controls.
This was a two-phase study, including a self-report questionnaire (part I) followed by clinical interviews (part II). The total population of first-year students at 16 Norwegian Elite Sport High Schools (n = 677) and two randomly selected high schools (controls, n = 421) were invited to participate. The questionnaire was completed by 611 (90%) athletes and 355 (84%) controls. The subjects reporting symptoms associated with ED were classified as "at risk" for ED. In part II, all "at-risk" athletes (n = 153), a random sample of not "at risk" (n = 153), and a random sample of 50% of the controls classified as "at risk" (n = 91) and not "at risk" (n = 88) were invited to the clinical interview to screen for ED (i.e., meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or ED not otherwise specified).
In part I, more controls than athletes were classified as "at risk" for ED (50.7% vs 25.0%, P < 0.001). In part II, the prevalence of ED among the total population of athletes and controls was estimated to be 7.0% versus 2.3%, with a difference of 4.7% (95% confidence interval, 3.4-6.0; P = 0.001), with the ED prevalence being higher for female than male athletes (14.0% vs 3.2%, P < 0.001) and female and male controls (5.1% vs 0%, P < 0.001). No difference in the prevalence of ED was detected between the females in weight-sensitive and less weight-sensitive sport groups (19.7% vs 11.9%, P = 0.136).
The prevalence of ED is higher in adolescent elite athletes than controls and higher in female than male athletes. Clinical interview is needed to determine accurate prevalence of ED.
本研究旨在调查女性和男性青少年精英运动员与非运动员对照者中饮食障碍（ED）的患病率。
这是一项两阶段研究，包括自我报告问卷（第 I 部分）和临床访谈（第 II 部分）。邀请了 16 所挪威精英体育高中（n=677）和两所随机选择的高中（对照组，n=421）的一年级新生总人群参加。共有 611 名（90%）运动员和 355 名（84%）对照组完成了问卷。将报告与 ED 相关症状的受试者归类为 ED“高危”。在第 II 部分中，所有“高危”运动员（n=153）、随机选择的非“高危”运动员（n=153）和随机选择的 50%对照组中被归类为“高危”（n=91）和非“高危”（n=88）的受试者均被邀请进行临床访谈以筛查 ED（即符合《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》中神经性厌食症、神经性贪食症或未特指 ED 的标准）。
在第 I 部分中，与运动员相比，更多的对照组被归类为 ED“高危”（50.7%比 25.0%，P<0.001）。在第 II 部分中，运动员和对照组的总人群中 ED 的患病率估计为 7.0%比 2.3%，差异为 4.7%（95%置信区间，3.4-6.0；P=0.001），女性运动员的 ED 患病率高于男性（14.0%比 3.2%，P<0.001）和女性和男性对照组（5.1%比 0%，P<0.001）。在体重敏感和不太敏感的运动项目中，女性运动员的 ED 患病率无差异（19.7%比 11.9%，P=0.136）。
青少年精英运动员中 ED 的患病率高于对照组，女性运动员中 ED 的患病率高于男性。需要进行临床访谈以确定 ED 的准确患病率。
