Sport and Exercise Research Group, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Wilson Centre, Edge Hill University, St Helens Road, Ormskirk, L39 4QP, UK,
Sports Med. 2014 Jun;44(6):713-33. doi: 10.1007/s40279-014-0159-9.
Taekwondo has evolved into a modern-day Olympic combat sport. The physical and physiological demands of modern-day taekwondo competition require athletes to be competent in several aspects of fitness. This review critically explores the physical and physiological characteristics of taekwondo athletes and presents implications for training and research. International taekwondo athletes possess low levels of body fat and a somatotype that characterises a blend of moderate musculoskeletal tissue and relative body linearity. While there is some variation in the maximum oxygen uptake of taekwondo athletes, moderate to high levels of cardio-respiratory fitness are necessary to support the metabolic demands of fighting and to facilitate recovery between consecutive matches. Taekwondo athletes demonstrate high peak anaerobic power characteristics of the lower limbs and this attribute appears to be conducive to achieving success in international competition. The ability to generate and sustain power output using both concentric and 'stretch-shortening cycle' muscle actions of the lower limbs may be important to support the technical and tactical actions in combat. Taekwondo competitors also display moderate to high maximum dynamic strength characteristics of the lower and upper extremities, and moderate endurance properties of the trunk and hip flexor musculature. The dynamic nature of the technical and tactical actions in the sport demand high flexibility of the lower limbs. More extensive research is required into the physical and physiological characteristics of taekwondo athletes to extend existing knowledge and to permit specialised conditioning for different populations within the sport.
跆拳道已经发展成为现代奥林匹克格斗运动。现代跆拳道比赛的身体和生理需求要求运动员在几个方面具备健身能力。本综述批判性地探讨了跆拳道运动员的身体和生理特征，并提出了对训练和研究的影响。国际跆拳道运动员体脂水平低，体型特征为中等肌肉骨骼组织和相对身体线性的混合体。虽然跆拳道运动员的最大摄氧量存在一定差异，但需要中等至较高水平的心肺健康来支持战斗的代谢需求，并促进连续比赛之间的恢复。跆拳道运动员表现出下肢高峰值无氧功率特征，这一属性似乎有利于在国际比赛中取得成功。使用下肢的向心和“伸展-缩短周期”肌肉动作产生和维持功率输出的能力可能对支持战斗中的技术和战术动作很重要。跆拳道运动员还表现出中下肢体和上肢的中等至高最大动态力量特征，以及躯干和髋关节屈肌肌肉的中等耐力特性。该运动中技术和战术动作的动态性质要求下肢具有较高的灵活性。需要对跆拳道运动员的身体和生理特征进行更多研究，以扩展现有知识，并允许针对该运动中的不同人群进行专门的调理。
