Babu Anish, Templeton Amanda K, Munshi Anupama, Ramesh Rajagopal
Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, USA.
AAPS PharmSciTech. 2014 Jun;15(3):709-21. doi: 10.1208/s12249-014-0089-8. Epub 2014 Feb 19.
Nanotechnology has enabled the development of novel therapeutic and diagnostic strategies, such as advances in targeted drug delivery systems, versatile molecular imaging modalities, stimulus responsive components for fabrication, and potential theranostic agents in cancer therapy. Nanoparticle modifications such as conjugation with polyethylene glycol have been used to increase the duration of nanoparticles in blood circulation and reduce renal clearance rates. Such modifications to nanoparticle fabrication are the initial steps toward clinical translation of nanoparticles. Additionally, the development of targeted drug delivery systems has substantially contributed to the therapeutic efficacy of anti-cancer drugs and cancer gene therapies compared with nontargeted conventional delivery systems. Although multifunctional nanoparticles offer numerous advantages, their complex nature imparts challenges in reproducibility and concerns of toxicity. A thorough understanding of the biological behavior of nanoparticle systems is strongly warranted prior to testing such systems in a clinical setting. Translation of novel nanodrug delivery systems from the bench to the bedside will require a collective approach. The present review focuses on recent research efforts citing relevant examples of advanced nanodrug delivery and imaging systems developed for cancer therapy. Additionally, this review highlights the newest technologies such as microfluidics and biomimetics that can aid in the development and speedy translation of nanodrug delivery systems to the clinic.
纳米技术推动了新型治疗和诊断策略的发展，例如靶向给药系统的进展、多功能分子成像模式、用于制造的刺激响应组件以及癌症治疗中的潜在诊疗试剂。诸如与聚乙二醇共轭之类的纳米颗粒修饰已被用于延长纳米颗粒在血液循环中的时间并降低肾脏清除率。对纳米颗粒制造的此类修饰是纳米颗粒临床转化的初步步骤。此外，与非靶向传统给药系统相比，靶向给药系统的发展极大地提高了抗癌药物和癌症基因疗法的治疗效果。尽管多功能纳米颗粒具有诸多优势，但其复杂的性质给可重复性带来了挑战，并引发了对毒性的担忧。在临床环境中测试此类系统之前，非常有必要全面了解纳米颗粒系统的生物学行为。将新型纳米药物递送系统从实验室转化到临床需要采取集体方法。本综述重点介绍了近期的研究成果，并列举了为癌症治疗开发的先进纳米药物递送和成像系统的相关实例。此外，本综述还强调了微流控和仿生学等最新技术，这些技术有助于纳米药物递送系统的开发并加速其向临床的转化。
