Kuni Benita, Cárdenas-Montemayor Eloy, Bangert Yannic, Rupp Rüdiger, Ales Janez, Friedmann-Bette Birgit, Schmitt Holger
Departments of 1Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury; and 2Sports Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
J Strength Cond Res. 2014 Aug;28(8):2306-13. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000431.
The risk of sustaining injuries increases with fatigue. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of fatigue on dynamic postural control in jump landing and stabilization (ST) in athletes of different levels. In all, 18 high-performance ball sports athletes and 24 recreationally active subjects performed a jump test (JT) before and at 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes after a 30-minute treadmill run at the individual anaerobic threshold. An overhead ball switch hit during a forward jump triggered indicator lamps on either side of a force plate. After landing on the plate, ST on 1 leg (no light cue) or a second jump sideways (toward a light cue) was required. The ST force integral index was calculated for the ST trials. Dynamic postural control was significantly impaired in jump landing and ST in the first minute after the run: mean difference ± SD: 0.25 ± 0.48 m·s-1 (95% confidence interval: 0.10-0.40 m·s-1, p = 0.043; analysis of variance). No significant group differences were found. Under fatigued conditions, dynamic postural control in jump landing was impaired in an unexpected ST task. Not only recreational but also high-performance athletes were affected. Ball sports athletes could add a training exercise to their workout, which alternates between periods of high effort and neuromuscular training. Resistance to fatigue effects should be checked on a regular basis using JTs.
受伤风险会随着疲劳而增加。本研究的目的是分析疲劳对不同水平运动员跳跃着陆和稳定（ST）过程中动态姿势控制的影响。共有18名高水平球类运动运动员和24名有休闲运动习惯的受试者，在以个体无氧阈值进行30分钟跑步机跑步前以及跑步后1、5、10、15和20分钟时进行了跳跃测试（JT）。前向跳跃过程中头顶上方的球开关触发了测力板两侧的指示灯。落在板上后，需要单腿进行稳定（无灯光提示）或向一侧进行第二次跳跃（朝着灯光提示）。对稳定试验计算稳定力积分指数。跑步后的第一分钟，跳跃着陆和稳定过程中的动态姿势控制显著受损：平均差异±标准差：0.25±0.48米·秒-1（95%置信区间：0.10 - 0.40米·秒-1，p = 0.043；方差分析）。未发现显著的组间差异。在疲劳状态下，意外的稳定任务会损害跳跃着陆时的动态姿势控制。不仅是有休闲运动习惯的人，高水平运动员也会受到影响。球类运动运动员可以在训练中增加一项练习，即在高强度训练和神经肌肉训练之间交替进行。应定期使用跳跃测试来检查对疲劳影响的抵抗力。
