Vicary Staci A, Robbins Rachel A, Calvo-Merino Beatriz, Stevens Catherine J
MARCS Institute, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,
Mem Cognit. 2014 Jul;42(5):755-67. doi: 10.3758/s13421-014-0395-0.
Dance-like actions are complex visual stimuli involving multiple changes in body posture across time and space. Visual perception research has demonstrated a difference between the processing of dynamic body movement and the processing of static body posture. Yet, it is unclear whether this processing dissociation continues during the retention of body movement and body form in visual working memory (VWM). When observing a dance-like action, it is likely that static snapshot images of body posture will be retained alongside dynamic images of the complete motion. Therefore, we hypothesized that, as in perception, posture and movement would differ in VWM. Additionally, if body posture and body movement are separable in VWM, as form- and motion-based items, respectively, then differential interference from intervening form and motion tasks should occur during recognition. In two experiments, we examined these hypotheses. In Experiment 1, the recognition of postures and movements was tested in conditions in which the formats of the study and test stimuli matched (movement-study to movement-test, posture-study to posture-test) or mismatched (movement-study to posture-test, posture-study to movement-test). In Experiment 2, the recognition of postures and movements was compared after intervening form and motion tasks. These results indicated that (1) the recognition of body movement based only on posture is possible, but it is significantly poorer than recognition based on the entire movement stimulus, and (2) form-based interference does not impair memory for movements, although motion-based interference does. We concluded that, whereas static posture information is encoded during the observation of dance-like actions, body movement and body posture differ in VWM.
舞蹈样动作是复杂的视觉刺激，涉及身体姿势在时间和空间上的多种变化。视觉感知研究表明，动态身体运动的处理与静态身体姿势的处理存在差异。然而，尚不清楚在视觉工作记忆（VWM）中保留身体运动和身体形态时，这种处理分离是否会持续。观察舞蹈样动作时，身体姿势的静态快照图像很可能会与完整动作的动态图像一起被保留。因此，我们假设，与感知一样，姿势和运动在VWM中会有所不同。此外，如果身体姿势和身体运动在VWM中是可分离的，分别作为基于形式和基于运动的项目，那么在识别过程中应该会出现来自中间形式和运动任务的不同干扰。在两个实验中，我们检验了这些假设。在实验1中，在学习和测试刺激的格式匹配（运动学习到运动测试，姿势学习到姿势测试）或不匹配（运动学习到姿势测试，姿势学习到运动测试）的条件下，测试姿势和运动的识别。在实验2中，在进行中间形式和运动任务后，比较姿势和运动的识别。这些结果表明：（1）仅基于姿势对身体运动的识别是可能的，但明显比基于整个运动刺激的识别差；（2）基于形式的干扰不会损害对运动的记忆，尽管基于运动的干扰会。我们得出结论，虽然在观察舞蹈样动作时会编码静态姿势信息，但身体运动和身体姿势在VWM中有所不同。
