Ihsan Mohammed, Watson Greig, Choo Hui Cheng, Lewandowski Paul, Papazzo Annateresa, Cameron-Smith David, Abbiss Chris R
1Centre for Sports and Exercise Science Research, School of Exercise and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, AUSTRALIA; 2School of Human Life Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, AUSTRALIA; 3School of Medicine, Deakin University, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA; and 4Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, NEW ZEALAND.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014 Oct;46(10):1900-7. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000308.
This study aimed to investigate the influence of localized muscle cooling on postexercise vascular, metabolic, and mitochondrial-related gene expression.
Nine physically active males performed 30 min of continuous running at 70% of their maximal aerobic velocity, followed by intermittent running to exhaustion at 100% maximal aerobic velocity. After exercise, subjects immersed one leg in a cold water bath (10°C, COLD) to the level of their gluteal fold for 15 min. The contralateral leg remained outside the water bath and served as control (CON). Core body temperature was monitored throughout the experiment, whereas muscle biopsies and muscle temperature (Tm) measurements were obtained from the vastus lateralis before exercise (PRE), immediately postexercise (POST-EX, Tm only), immediately after cooling, and 3 h postexercise (POST-3H).
Exercise significantly increased core body temperature (PRE, 37.1°C ± 0.4°C vs POST-EX, 39.3°C ± 0.5°C, P < 0.001) and Tm in both CON (PRE, 33.9°C ± 0.7°C vs POST-EX, 39.1°C ± 0.5°C) and COLD legs (PRE, 34.2°C ± 0.9°C vs POST-EX, 39.4°C ± 0.3°C), respectively (P < 0.001). After cooling, Tm was significantly lower in COLD (28.9°C ± 2.3°C vs 37.0°C ± 0.8°C, P < 0.001) whereas PGC-1α messenger RNA expression was significantly higher in COLD at POST-3H (P = 0.014). Significant time effects were evident for changes in vascular endothelial growth factor (P = 0.038) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (P = 0.019) expression. However, no significant condition effects between COLD and CON were evident for changes in both vascular endothelial growth factor and neuronal nitric oxide synthase expressions.
These data indicate that an acute postexercise cooling intervention enhances the gene expression of PGC-1α and may therefore provide a valuable strategy to enhance exercise-induced mitochondrial biogenesis.
本研究旨在调查局部肌肉冷却对运动后血管、代谢及线粒体相关基因表达的影响。
九名身体活跃的男性先以其最大有氧速度的70%进行30分钟的持续跑步，随后以最大有氧速度的100%进行间歇性跑步直至力竭。运动后，受试者将一条腿浸入冷水浴（10°C，冷腿组）至臀褶水平持续15分钟。对侧腿置于水浴外作为对照组（对照组）。在整个实验过程中监测核心体温，同时在运动前（PRE）、运动后即刻（POST-EX，仅测量肌肉温度）、冷却后即刻以及运动后3小时（POST-3H）从股外侧肌获取肌肉活检样本并测量肌肉温度（Tm）。
运动显著提高了核心体温（PRE，37.1°C ± 0.4°C 对比 POST-EX，39.3°C ± 0.5°C，P < 0.001），对照组（PRE，33.9°C ± 0.7°C 对比 POST-EX，39.1°C ± 0.5°C）和冷腿组（PRE，34.2°C ± 0.9°C 对比 POST-EX，39.4°C ± 0.3°C）的Tm也分别显著升高（P < 0.001）。冷却后，冷腿组的Tm显著降低（28.9°C ± 2.3°C 对比 37.0°C ± 0.8°C，P < 0.001），而在POST-3H时冷腿组的PGC-1α信使核糖核酸表达显著更高（P = 0.014）。血管内皮生长因子（P = 0.038）和神经元型一氧化氮合酶（P = 0.019）表达的变化存在显著的时间效应。然而，冷腿组和对照组之间在血管内皮生长因子和神经元型一氧化氮合酶表达变化方面均未显示出显著的条件效应。
这些数据表明，急性运动后冷却干预可增强PGC-1α的基因表达，因此可能是增强运动诱导的线粒体生物合成的一种有价值的策略。
