Department of Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil,
Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2014 Apr;14(4):428. doi: 10.1007/s11882-014-0428-6.
Molecular cloning of cockroach allergens and their expression as recombinant proteins have allowed a better understanding of the mechanisms of cockroach allergic disease. Recombinant cockroach allergens have been used for skin testing or in vitro methods to measure IgE antibody levels in serum. Early studies evaluating selected U.S. patients revealed that a cocktail of four cockroach allergens, Bla g 1, Bla g 2, Bla g 4, and Bla g 5, would identify 95 % of cockroach allergic patients. More recent studies pointed to an important role of sensitization to tropomyosin among certain populations, and suggested that a cocktail of five allergens Bla g 1 and/or Per a 1, Bla g 2, Bla g 4, Bla g 5, and Bla g 7, and/or Per a 7, would be expected to diagnose 50- 64 % of cockroach-allergic patients worldwide. Variation in IgE reactivity profiles could be in part due to IgE responses to cross-reactive homologous allergens from different origins. The availability of purified natural or recombinant cockroach allergens provides the capacity to improve diagnosis of cockroach allergy and to develop novel forms of immunotherapy for cockroach-allergic patients.
蟑螂过敏原的分子克隆及其重组蛋白的表达，使人们更好地了解了蟑螂变应性疾病的发病机制。重组蟑螂过敏原已被用于皮肤测试或体外方法，以测量血清中的 IgE 抗体水平。早期对美国部分患者的研究表明，由四种蟑螂过敏原（Bla g 1、Bla g 2、Bla g 4 和 Bla g 5）组成的混合物可以识别 95%的蟑螂过敏患者。最近的研究表明，对某些人群而言，对原肌球蛋白的致敏作用具有重要意义，并且提示由五种过敏原（Bla g 1 和/或 Per a 1、Bla g 2、Bla g 4、Bla g 5 和 Bla g 7、和/或 Per a 7）组成的混合物预计可以诊断全世界 50-64%的蟑螂过敏患者。IgE 反应谱的差异可能部分归因于对不同来源的交叉反应性同源过敏原的 IgE 反应。纯化的天然或重组蟑螂过敏原的出现，为改善蟑螂过敏的诊断以及为蟑螂过敏患者开发新型免疫疗法提供了可能。
