Assistant Professor, Human Movement Sciences Department, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA.
Phys Sportsmed. 2014 Feb;42(1):7-14. doi: 10.3810/psm.2014.02.2042.
Aerobic exercise training and diet are recommended for the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends that adults with prediabetes engage in ≥ 150 minutes per week of moderate activity and target a 7% weight loss. However, traditional moderate-intensity (MI) exercise training programs are often difficult to sustain for prediabetic adults; a commonly cited barrier to physical activity in this population is the "lack of time" to exercise. When matched for total energy expenditure, high-intensity (HI) exercise training has a lower overall time commitment compared with traditional low-intensity (LI) or MI exercise training. Several recent studies comparing HI exercise training with LI and MI exercise training reported that HI exercise training improves skeletal muscle metabolic control and cardiovascular function in a comparable and/or superior way relative to LI and MI exercise training. Although patients can accrue all exercise benefits by performing LI or MI activities such as walking, HI activities represent a time-efficient alternative to meeting physical activity guidelines. High-intensity exercise training is a potent tool for improving cardiometabolic risk for prediabetic patients with limited time and may be prescribed when appropriate.
有氧运动训练和饮食被推荐用于 2 型糖尿病和心血管疾病的一级预防。美国糖尿病协会（ADA）建议，糖尿病前期患者每周至少进行 150 分钟的中等强度活动，并将体重减轻 7%。然而，传统的中等强度（MI）运动训练计划往往难以维持糖尿病前期成年人的运动计划；该人群进行体育活动的一个常见障碍是“缺乏时间”。当总能量消耗相匹配时，高强度（HI）运动训练与传统的低强度（LI）或 MI 运动训练相比，总体时间投入较低。最近几项比较 HI 运动训练与 LI 和 MI 运动训练的研究报告称，与 LI 和 MI 运动训练相比，HI 运动训练可改善骨骼肌代谢控制和心血管功能，具有可比性和/或优越性。虽然患者可以通过进行散步等低强度或中等强度活动来获得所有运动益处，但高强度活动是满足身体活动指南的一种更有效率的替代方法。高强度运动训练是改善时间有限的糖尿病前期患者心血管代谢风险的有力工具，在适当情况下可以开处方。
