Hentschel H, Prasa D, Bergmann I, Enden G, Frimlova G, Just S, Plenert B, Stürzebecher A, Deters M
Giftnotruf Erfurt, c/o HELIOS Klinikum Erfurt GmbH Erfurt, Erfurt.
Gesundheitswesen. 2014 Feb;76(2):116-8. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1364019. Epub 2014 Feb 24.
The purpose of this study was to get information on all human exposures to veterinary medicines (HEVM) reported to the Poisons Information Centre (PIC) over a 10-year period.
A retrospective analysis of all HEVM was undertaken and a comparison was made to all human exposures (HE) registered by the PIC from the beginning of 2003 to the end of 2012 according to frequencies, circumstances of exposure, symptom severity, age groups, and substances involved in HEVM.
In total, 389 cases of HEVM with 409 veterinary medicines were registered (0.30% of all HE, 360 monoexposures). The relative frequency of children and adults in HEVM (children: 52.4%, adults: 46.0%) and all HE (children: 48.7%, adults 48.7%) was the same with significant (p<0.05) differences in some age subgroups. The portion of accidental exposures was significantly (p<0.05) higher in HEVM (83.3%) than in all exposures (59.3%), whereas the portion of suicidal exposures was significantly (p<0.05) lower (HEVM: 6.4%, all exposures: 23.6%). Most frequent veterinary medicines (ATCvet) in HEVM were antiparasitic substances, insecticides and repellents (n=185), substances for the nervous system (n=48), substances for the cardiovascular system (n=35), and immunologicals (n=35). HEVM mostly resulted in no or mild symptoms (83.8%) and rarely in moderate (10/389, 2.6%) or even severe symptoms (5/389, 1.3%). In 4 of 5 cases of HEVM with severe symptoms, veterinary surgeons used products for animal euthanasia (n=3) or methadone (n=1). Once, self-medication with anthelmintics for several days by a goatherd resulted in transient blindness.
In comparison to other HE, HEVM are rare. Most accidental HEVM in laymen result only in none to mild symptoms. If veterinary surgeons, however, swallow or inject products for animal euthanasia or opioids in suicidal intention, severe symptoms can be expected.
本研究旨在获取在10年期间向毒物信息中心（PIC）报告的所有人类接触兽药（HEVM）的信息。
对所有HEVM进行回顾性分析，并根据频率、接触情况、症状严重程度、年龄组以及HEVM中涉及的物质，将其与PIC在2003年初至2012年底登记的所有人类接触（HE）进行比较。
共登记了389例HEVM，涉及409种兽药（占所有HE的0.30%，360例单一接触）。HEVM中儿童和成人的相对频率（儿童：52.4%，成人：46.0%）与所有HE中儿童和成人的相对频率（儿童：48.7%，成人：48.7%）相同，但在一些年龄亚组中存在显著差异（p<0.05）。HEVM中意外接触的比例（83.3%）显著高于所有接触（59.3%），而自杀性接触的比例（p<0.05）显著较低（HEVM：6.4%，所有接触：23.6%）。HEVM中最常见的兽药（ATCvet）是抗寄生虫物质、杀虫剂和驱虫剂（n=185）、神经系统用药（n=48）、心血管系统用药（n=35）和免疫制剂（n=35）。HEVM大多导致无或轻度症状（83.8%），很少导致中度症状（10/389，2.6%）或严重症状（5/389，1.3%）。在5例出现严重症状的HEVM中，有4例兽医使用了动物安乐死产品（n=3）或美沙酮（n=1）。曾有一名牧羊人自行服用驱虫药数天导致短暂失明。
与其他人类接触相比，HEVM较为罕见。外行人中大多数意外的HEVM仅导致无至轻度症状。然而，如果兽医出于自杀意图吞服或注射动物安乐死产品或阿片类药物，则可能会出现严重症状。
