Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
Environ Sci Technol. 2014 Mar 18;48(6):3210-7. doi: 10.1021/es405402r. Epub 2014 Mar 10.
Cyanogen chloride (CNCl) and trichloramine (NCl3) are important disinfection byproducts in chlorinated swimming pools. However, some unknowns exist regarding the precursors of their formation. In this study, uric acid is shown to be an efficient precursor to formation of CNCl and NCl3. The molar yields of CNCl and NCl3 were observed to be as high as 44% (pH = 6.0, chlorine/precursor molar ratio [Cl/P] = 6.4) and 108% (pH = 7.0, Cl/P = 30), respectively, both being strong functions of Cl/P, pH, and temperature. Analysis of swimming pool water samples, combined with the results of experiments involving chlorination of uric acid, and chlorination of body fluid analog mixtures, indicated that uric acid chlorination may account for a large fraction of CNCl formation in swimming pools. Moreover, given that uric acid introduction to pools is attributable to urination, a voluntary action for most swimmers, these findings indicate important benefits to pool water and air chemistry that could result from improved hygiene habits on the part of swimmers.
氰化氯 (CNCl) 和三氯胺 (NCl3) 是氯化游泳池中重要的消毒副产物。然而，它们的形成前体仍存在一些未知因素。本研究表明，尿酸是形成 CNCl 和 NCl3 的有效前体。实验观察到 CNCl 和 NCl3 的摩尔产率分别高达 44%（pH = 6.0，氯/前体摩尔比 [Cl/P] = 6.4）和 108%（pH = 7.0，Cl/P = 30），且均强烈依赖于 Cl/P、pH 和温度。对游泳池水样的分析，结合尿酸氯化实验和体液模拟混合物氯化实验的结果表明，尿酸氯化可能是游泳池中 CNCl 形成的主要因素之一。此外，由于泳池水中尿酸的产生是由于大多数游泳者的自愿排尿行为，这些发现表明，游泳者改善卫生习惯可能会对泳池水和空气化学产生重要影响。
