Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Institute of Environmental Engineering and Building Installations, Poznan University of Technology, 60965 Poznań, Poland.
Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Oct 16;17(20):7547. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207547.
Pool water must be constantly disinfected. Chlorine compounds used to disinfect pools react with organic substances such as sweat, urine, and personal care products introduced into pool water by users and results in the formation of disinfection byproducts. Trihalomethanes (THM), including chloroform and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations, were quantified using a two-stage process: determining initial THM and chloroform levels; then searching for a cheap and easy-to-use method to improve water quality. The method proposed here to limit THM and DOC concentrations in water is controlled showering. At three swimming pool facilities, chloroform concentrations (13.8 ± 0.33 µg/L, 15.5 ± 0.44 µg/L, and 13.9 ± 0.06 µg/L) were below the threshold concentration of 30 μg/L. At a fourth facility, however, the chloroform concentration exceeded that threshold (40.7 ± 9.68 μg/L) when showering was not controlled. Those conditions improved after the introduction of a mandatory shower; concentrations of DOC, THMs, and chloroform all decreased. The chloroform concentration decreased to 29.4 ± 3.8 μg/L, the THM concentration was 31.3 ± 3.9 μg/L, and the DOC concentration was 6.09 ± 0.05 mg/L. Pilot tests were carried out at real facilities to determine whether the control of pre-swim hygiene was possible. The introduction of proper pre-swim hygiene limited the concentration of DOC in water and can lead to a healthier environment for everyone attending the swimming facility.
泳池水必须持续消毒。用于消毒泳池的氯化合物会与有机物质(如用户带入泳池水中的汗液、尿液和个人护理产品)发生反应,从而形成消毒副产物。三卤甲烷(THM),包括氯仿和溶解有机碳(DOC)浓度,使用两阶段过程进行量化:确定初始 THM 和氯仿水平;然后寻找一种廉价且易于使用的方法来改善水质。这里提出的限制水中 THM 和 DOC 浓度的方法是控制淋浴。在三个游泳池设施中,氯仿浓度(13.8±0.33μg/L、15.5±0.44μg/L 和 13.9±0.06μg/L)低于 30μg/L 的阈值浓度。然而,在第四个设施中,当淋浴不受控制时,氯仿浓度超过了该阈值(40.7±9.68μg/L)。在引入强制性淋浴后,这些条件得到了改善;DOC、THM 和氯仿的浓度都降低了。氯仿浓度降至 29.4±3.8μg/L,THM 浓度为 31.3±3.9μg/L,DOC 浓度为 6.09±0.05mg/L。在实际设施中进行了试点测试,以确定是否可以控制游泳前的卫生状况。适当的游泳前卫生措施可以控制水中的 DOC 浓度,为每个参加游泳设施的人提供更健康的环境。