Cashman K D, Kiely M
Vitamin D Research Group, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
J Hum Nutr Diet. 2014 Oct;27(5):434-42. doi: 10.1111/jhn.12226. Epub 2014 Mar 1.
There is substantial evidence that the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is high across Europe, particularly, but not exclusively, among those resident at Northerly latitudes. This has significant implications for human health throughout the lifecycle and impacts upon healthy growth and development and successful ageing for current and possibly future generations. In recent years, there have been several important reports from North America and Europe in relation to dietary reference values (DRVs) for vitamin D. These may be of enormous value from a public health perspective in terms of preventing vitamin D deficiency and promoting adequate vitamin D status in the population. In this concise review, we provide a brief summary of current DRVs for vitamin D, their background and their application to vitamin D deficiency prevention. The review also provides some brief guidance with respect to applying the DRVs in a clinical nutrition setting. In addition, the review illustrates how current dietary intakes of most populations, young and adult, are well short of the newly established DRVs. Accordingly, the review highlights potential food-based or dietary strategies for increasing the distribution of vitamin D intake in the population with the aim of preventing vitamin D deficiency. Finally, despite the explosion in scientific research in vitamin D and health, there are many fundamental gaps in the field of vitamin D from the public health perspective. The impact of these knowledge gaps on current DRVs for vitamin D is highlighted, as are some future developments that may help address these gaps.
有大量证据表明，维生素D缺乏症在欧洲普遍存在，尤其是（但不限于）在北纬地区居住的人群中。这对整个生命周期的人类健康具有重大影响，并影响着当前乃至可能的后代的健康生长发育和成功老龄化。近年来，北美和欧洲发布了几份关于维生素D膳食参考值（DRV）的重要报告。从公共卫生角度来看，这些报告对于预防维生素D缺乏症和促进人群达到充足的维生素D水平可能具有巨大价值。在这篇简要综述中，我们简要总结了当前维生素D的膳食参考值、其背景以及它们在预防维生素D缺乏症中的应用。该综述还就如何在临床营养环境中应用膳食参考值提供了一些简要指导。此外，该综述表明，大多数人群（包括年轻人和成年人）目前的膳食摄入量远低于新确立的膳食参考值。因此，该综述强调了潜在的基于食物或饮食的策略，以增加人群中维生素D摄入量的分布，从而预防维生素D缺乏症。最后，尽管维生素D与健康方面的科学研究激增，但从公共卫生角度来看，维生素D领域仍存在许多基本差距。这些知识差距对当前维生素D膳食参考值的影响得到了强调，同时也指出了一些可能有助于弥补这些差距的未来发展方向。
