Denton John S S
Department of Ichthyology and Richard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History, 200 Central Park West, New York, NY 10024, USA.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2014 Jul;76:270-92. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.02.009. Epub 2014 Feb 28.
Fishes of the order Myctophiformes (Teleostei; Scopelomorpha) comprise over half of all deep-sea biomass, and are a critical component of marine ecosystems worldwide. Members of the family Myctophidae, within Myctophiformes, form the majority of species diversity within the order (∼250 species, 33 genera, 2 subfamilies), and are further known for their diverse bioluminescent traits, comprised of distinct cranial, postcranial, and caudal luminous systems that is perhaps the most elaborate among all vertebrates. These features make myctophids particularly compelling from both economic and scientific perspectives, yet no studies have sampled these fishes at a density appropriate for addressing any questions requiring a phylogenetic hypothesis as input. This study therefore presents a seven-locus molecular phylogeny of the order, sampling over 50% of all nominal myctophid species. This taxon sampling triples the representation of the next most comprehensive analysis, and reveals several new and well-supported hypotheses of relationships, in addition to supporting traditional hypotheses based on combined morphological data. This analysis shows that the slendertailed myctophids Gonichthys, Centrobranchus, Loweina, and Tarletonbeania are rendered non-monophyletic by a polyphyletic Myctophum; the enigmatic, monotypic genus Notolychnus valdiviae is nested within tribe Lampanyctini; the genus Diaphus is divided into at least two clades, with the suborbital (So) group recovered as monophyletic with strong support; and the genera Lampanyctus and Nannobrachium are recovered as non-monophyletic. These molecular results highlight the potential of myctophids as a premier model system for the application of modern comparative methods to studies of deep-sea evolution.
灯笼鱼目（硬骨鱼纲；灯笼鱼亚目）的鱼类占所有深海生物量的一半以上，是全球海洋生态系统的重要组成部分。灯笼鱼目灯笼鱼科的成员构成了该目中物种多样性的大部分（约250种，33属，2亚科），并且以其多样的生物发光特征而闻名，这些特征由独特的头部、颅后和尾部发光系统组成，这可能是所有脊椎动物中最复杂的。这些特征使得灯笼鱼科从经济和科学角度来看都特别引人注目，但尚未有研究以适合解决任何需要系统发育假说作为输入的问题的密度对这些鱼类进行采样。因此，本研究展示了该目的一个包含七个基因座的分子系统发育，对所有已知灯笼鱼科物种的50%以上进行了采样。这种分类群采样使下一个最全面分析的代表性增加了两倍，除了支持基于形态学数据组合的传统假说外，还揭示了几个新的且得到充分支持的关系假说。该分析表明，细长尾灯笼鱼属的戈氏灯笼鱼、中枝灯笼鱼属、洛氏灯笼鱼属和塔氏灯笼鱼属因多系的烛光鱼属而成为非单系类群；神秘的单型属瓦尔迪维亚深海灯鱼嵌套在灯颊鲷族内；眶灯鱼属至少分为两个分支，眶下（So）组得到有力支持而恢复为单系类群；而灯颊鲷属和小鳍灯鱼属被恢复为非单系类群。这些分子结果突出了灯笼鱼科作为应用现代比较方法研究深海进化的首要模型系统的潜力。
