阐明行为抑制系统在酒精滥用中的测量方法及其作用。
Clarifying the measurement and the role of the behavioral inhibition system in alcohol misuse.
作者信息
Keough Matthew T, O'Connor Roisin M
机构信息
Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
出版信息
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2014 May;38(5):1470-9. doi: 10.1111/acer.12387. Epub 2014 Mar 3.
BACKGROUND
In response to conflicting reward (Behavioral Approach System [BAS]) and/or punishment cues (Fight-Flight-Freeze System [FFFS]) the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) inhibits behavior, leading to increased attention to threat, high anxiety, and behavioral ambivalence. The role of BIS in alcohol misuse is complex, as anxiety promotes self-medication drinking, while attention to threat (e.g., negative outcomes of heavy drinking) may reduce risk. Theory suggests that a concurrent strong BAS may bias BIS-conflict in favor of alcohol approach, while a concurrent strong FFFS may increase the likelihood of alcohol avoidance. However, few studies measure BIS as a conflict system, and no studies incorporate such a measure into examinations of alcohol misuse. Our study goals were to (i) test the Motivational Flanker Task (MFT) as a new laboratory measure of the BIS, BAS, and FFFS; and (ii) use the MFT, in conjunction with self-report measures, to test BAS and FFFS as moderators of the BIS-alcohol misuse relation. We hypothesized that an elevated BIS would predict heavy drinking and alcohol-related problems, but only when BAS was high. Further, we expected an elevated BIS to be associated with reduced alcohol misuse, but only when FFFS was high.
METHODS
Students (N = 198) completed self-reports of BIS/BAS/FFFS and drinking behavior, and 2 reaction time tasks: MFT and Point Scoring Reaction Time Task (PSRTT). The PSRTT is a published measure of the revised BIS.
RESULTS
MFT BIS conflict was associated with self-report and PSRTT measures. MFT BAS, but not FFFS, was associated with self-reports. As expected, elevated BIS was associated with heavy drinking, but only when BAS-Drive and BAS-Fun Seeking was also high. FFFS was not supported as a moderator of the BIS-alcohol misuse association.
CONCLUSIONS
Results support the MFT as a promising measure of the revised BIS. Considering the joint effects of BIS and BAS clarified risk for alcohol misuse.
背景
为应对相互冲突的奖励线索（行为趋近系统[BAS]）和/或惩罚线索（战斗-逃跑-冻结系统[FFFS]），行为抑制系统（BIS）会抑制行为，导致对威胁的关注度增加、高度焦虑和行为矛盾。BIS在酒精滥用中的作用很复杂，因为焦虑会促使自我用药饮酒，而对威胁的关注（如大量饮酒的负面后果）可能会降低风险。理论表明，同时存在强烈的BAS可能会使BIS冲突偏向于趋近酒精，而同时存在强烈的FFFS可能会增加避免饮酒的可能性。然而，很少有研究将BIS作为一个冲突系统来测量，也没有研究将这样的测量纳入酒精滥用的研究中。我们的研究目标是：（i）测试动机侧抑制任务（MFT）作为一种新的实验室测量BIS、BAS和FFFS的方法；（ii）使用MFT并结合自我报告测量，来测试BAS和FFFS作为BIS与酒精滥用关系的调节因素。我们假设，BIS升高会预测大量饮酒和与酒精相关的问题，但仅在BAS较高时才会如此。此外，我们预计BIS升高会与酒精滥用减少相关，但仅在FFFS较高时才会如此。
方法
198名学生完成了BIS/BAS/FFFS和饮酒行为的自我报告，以及两项反应时间任务：MFT和计分反应时间任务（PSRTT）。PSRTT是一种已发表的修订版BIS测量方法。
结果
MFT的BIS冲突与自我报告和PSRTT测量相关。MFT的BAS与自我报告相关，但FFFS与自我报告无关。正如预期的那样，BIS升高与大量饮酒相关，但仅在BAS驱力和BAS寻求乐趣也较高时才会如此。FFFS作为BIS与酒精滥用关联的调节因素未得到支持。
结论
结果支持MFT作为一种有前景的修订版BIS测量方法。考虑到BIS和BAS的联合效应，明确了酒精滥用的风险。
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