Vickers Claudia E, Bongers Mareike, Liu Qing, Delatte Thierry, Bouwmeester Harro
Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
Plant Cell Environ. 2014 Aug;37(8):1753-75. doi: 10.1111/pce.12316. Epub 2014 May 6.
The chemical properties and diversity of volatile isoprenoids lends them to a broad variety of biological roles. It also lends them to a host of biotechnological applications, both by taking advantage of their natural functions and by using them as industrial chemicals/chemical feedstocks. Natural functions include roles as insect attractants and repellents, abiotic stress protectants in pathogen defense, etc. Industrial applications include use as pharmaceuticals, flavours, fragrances, fuels, fuel additives, etc. Here we will examine the ways in which researchers have so far found to exploit volatile isoprenoids using biotechnology. Production and/or modification of volatiles using metabolic engineering in both plants and microorganisms are reviewed, including engineering through both mevalonate and methylerythritol diphosphate pathways. Recent advances are illustrated using several case studies (herbivores and bodyguards, isoprene, and monoterpene production in microbes). Systems and synthetic biology tools with particular utility for metabolic engineering are also reviewed. Finally, we discuss the practical realities of various applications in modern biotechnology, explore possible future applications, and examine the challenges of moving these technologies forward so that they can deliver tangible benefits. While this review focuses on volatile isoprenoids, many of the engineering approaches described here are also applicable to non-isoprenoid volatiles and to non-volatile isoprenoids.
挥发性类异戊二烯的化学性质和多样性使其具有广泛的生物学作用。这也使其适用于众多生物技术应用，既可以利用它们的天然功能，也可以将它们用作工业化学品/化学原料。天然功能包括作为昆虫引诱剂和驱避剂、病原体防御中的非生物胁迫保护剂等。工业应用包括用作药物、香料、香精、燃料、燃料添加剂等。在这里，我们将研究研究人员迄今为止发现的利用生物技术开发挥发性类异戊二烯的方法。综述了在植物和微生物中利用代谢工程生产和/或修饰挥发性物质的情况，包括通过甲羟戊酸途径和甲基赤藓糖醇二磷酸途径进行的工程改造。通过几个案例研究（食草动物和保镖、异戊二烯以及微生物中单萜的生产）说明了最新进展。还综述了对代谢工程特别有用的系统和合成生物学工具。最后，我们讨论了现代生物技术中各种应用的实际情况，探索了可能的未来应用，并研究了推动这些技术发展以使其能够带来切实利益所面临的挑战。虽然本综述侧重于挥发性类异戊二烯，但这里描述的许多工程方法也适用于非类异戊二烯挥发性物质和非挥发性类异戊二烯。
