Karl F. Orishimo, MS, Nicholas Institute of Sports Medicine and Athletic Trauma, Lenox Hill Hospital, 100 East 77th Street, 2nd Floor, New York, NY 10075, USA.
Am J Sports Med. 2014 May;42(5):1082-8. doi: 10.1177/0363546514523928. Epub 2014 Mar 3.
The incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries among dancers is much lower than among team sport athletes, and no clear disparity between sexes has been reported in the dance population. Although numerous studies have observed differences in landing biomechanics of the lower extremity between male and female team sport athletes, there is currently little research examining the landing biomechanics of male and female dancers and none comparing athletes to dancers. Comparing the landing biomechanics within these populations may help explain the lower overall ACL injury rates and lack of sex disparity.
The purpose was to compare the effects of sex and group (dancer vs team sport athlete) on single-legged drop-landing biomechanics. The primary hypothesis was that female dancers would perform a drop-landing task without demonstrating typical sex-related risk factors associated with ACL injuries. A secondary hypothesis was that female team sport athletes would display typical ACL risk factors during the same task.
Controlled laboratory study.
Kinematics and kinetics were recorded as 40 elite modern and ballet dancers (20 men and 20 women) and 40 team sport athletes (20 men and 20 women) performed single-legged drop landings from a 30-cm platform. Joint kinematics and kinetics were compared between groups and sexes with a group-by-sex multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) followed by pairwise t tests.
Dancers of both sexes and male team sport athletes landed similarly in terms of frontal-plane knee alignment, whereas female team sport athletes landed with a significantly greater peak knee valgus (P = .007). Female dancers were found to have a lower hip adduction torque than those of the other 3 groups (P = .003). Dancers (male and female) exhibited a lower trunk side flexion (P = .002) and lower trunk forward flexion (P = .032) compared with team sport athletes.
In executing a 30-cm drop landing, female team sport athletes displayed a greater knee valgus than did the other 3 groups. Dancers exhibited better trunk stability than did athletes.
These biomechanical findings may provide insight into the cause of the epidemiological differences in ACL injuries between dancers and athletes and the lack of a sex disparity within dancers.
与团队运动运动员相比，舞蹈演员前交叉韧带（ACL）受伤的发生率要低得多，而且在舞蹈人群中没有报告性别之间存在明显差异。尽管许多研究观察到了男女团队运动运动员下肢落地生物力学的差异，但目前很少有研究检查男性和女性舞者的落地生物力学，也没有将运动员与舞者进行比较。比较这些人群的落地生物力学可能有助于解释整体 ACL 受伤率较低且无性别差异的原因。
本研究旨在比较性别和群体（舞者与团队运动运动员）对单腿跳落地生物力学的影响。主要假设是女性舞者在进行跳落地任务时不会表现出与 ACL 受伤相关的典型性别相关危险因素。次要假设是女性团队运动运动员在执行相同任务时会表现出典型的 ACL 危险因素。
对照实验室研究。
对 40 名精英现代舞和芭蕾舞舞者（男 20 名，女 20 名）和 40 名团队运动运动员（男 20 名，女 20 名）进行了单腿跳落地，从 30 厘米高的平台上跳下。通过组间性别多变量方差分析（MANOVA）和随后的两两 t 检验，比较了组间和性别间的关节运动学和动力学。
在额状面膝关节对线方面，男女舞者和男团队运动运动员的落地方式相似，而女团队运动运动员的峰值膝关节外翻角度明显更大（P=0.007）。与其他 3 组相比，女性舞者的髋关节内收力矩较低（P=0.003）。与团队运动运动员相比，舞者（男、女）的躯干侧屈（P=0.002）和躯干前屈（P=0.032）较小。
在执行 30 厘米跳落地时，女团队运动运动员的膝关节外翻角度大于其他 3 组。与运动员相比，舞者的躯干稳定性更好。
这些生物力学发现可能为舞蹈演员和运动员 ACL 受伤的流行病学差异以及舞者中缺乏性别差异的原因提供一些见解。
