a European Centre for Environment & Human Health , University of Exeter Medical School , Truro , United Kingdom.
J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 2014;17(1):1-20. doi: 10.1080/10937404.2013.856361.
Recent ecosystem service models have placed biodiversity as a central factor in the processes that link the natural environment to health. While it is recognized that disturbed ecosystems might negatively affect human well-being, it is not clear whether biodiversity is related to or can promote "good" human health and well-being. The aim of this study was to systematically identify, summarize, and synthesize research that had examined whether biodiverse environments are health promoting. The objectives were twofold: (1) to map the interdisciplinary field of enquiry and (2) to assess whether current evidence enables us to characterize the relationship. Due to the heterogeneity of available evidence a narrative synthesis approach was used, which is textual rather than statistical. Extensive searches identified 17 papers that met the inclusion criteria: 15 quantitative and 2 qualitative. The evidence was varied in disciplinary origin, with authors approaching the question using different study designs and methods, and conceptualizations of biodiversity, health, and well-being. There is some evidence to suggest that biodiverse natural environments promote better health through exposure to pleasant environments or the encouragement of health-promoting behaviors. There was also evidence of inverse relationships, particularly at a larger scale (global analyses). However, overall the evidence is inconclusive and fails to identify a specific role for biodiversity in the promotion of better health. High-quality interdisciplinary research is needed to produce a more reliable evidence base. Of particular importance is identifying the specific ecosystem services, goods, and processes through which biodiversity may generate good health and well-being.
最近的生态系统服务模型将生物多样性作为连接自然环境与健康的过程的核心因素。虽然人们认识到，生态系统受到干扰可能会对人类福祉产生负面影响，但尚不清楚生物多样性是否与“良好”的人类健康和福祉有关，或者是否可以促进这种关系。本研究的目的是系统地识别、总结和综合研究，以检验生物多样性环境是否具有促进健康的作用。目标有两个：（1）绘制跨学科研究领域的图谱；（2）评估当前的证据是否使我们能够描述这种关系。由于现有证据存在异质性，因此采用了叙述性综合方法，即文本而非统计方法。广泛的搜索确定了符合纳入标准的 17 篇论文：15 篇定量研究和 2 篇定性研究。这些证据在学科来源上存在差异，作者使用不同的研究设计和方法，以及对生物多样性、健康和福祉的概念化来探讨这个问题。有一些证据表明，生物多样性的自然环境通过暴露于宜人的环境或鼓励促进健康的行为，从而促进更好的健康。也有证据表明存在相反的关系，特别是在更大的规模（全球分析）上。然而，总体而言，证据尚不确定，无法确定生物多样性在促进更好的健康方面的具体作用。需要进行高质量的跨学科研究，以提供更可靠的证据基础。特别重要的是要确定生物多样性可能通过哪些特定的生态系统服务、商品和过程来产生良好的健康和福祉。
