Siegel Rebecca S, Dickstein Daniel P
Pediatric Mood, Imaging, and NeuroDevelopment Program, EP Bradley Hospital, East Providence, RI, USA.
Adolesc Health Med Ther. 2011 Dec 30;3:1-16. doi: 10.2147/AHMT.S7597. eCollection 2012.
Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental health concern facing adolescents today, yet they are largely undertreated. This is especially concerning given that there are fairly good data to support an evidence-based approach to the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety, and also that untreated, these problems can continue into adulthood, growing in severity. Thus, knowing how to recognize and respond to anxiety in adolescents is of the utmost importance in primary care settings. To that end, this article provides an up-to-date review of the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety disorders geared towards professionals in primary care settings. Topics covered include subtypes, clinical presentation, the etiology and biology, effective screening instruments, evidence-based treatments (both medication and therapy), and the long-term prognosis for adolescents with anxiety. Importantly, we focus on the most common types of anxiety disorders, often known as phobias, which include generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety/social phobia, separation anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and specific phobias. In summary, anxiety is a common psychiatric problem for adolescents, but armed with the right tools, primary care providers can make a major impact.
焦虑症是当今青少年面临的最普遍的心理健康问题，但很大程度上未得到充分治疗。鉴于有相当充分的数据支持基于证据的焦虑症诊断和治疗方法，而且如果不加以治疗，这些问题可能会持续到成年期，且病情会加重，这一点尤其令人担忧。因此，了解如何识别和应对青少年的焦虑症在初级保健环境中至关重要。为此，本文为初级保健环境中的专业人员提供了关于焦虑症诊断和治疗的最新综述。涵盖的主题包括亚型、临床表现、病因学和生物学、有效的筛查工具、基于证据的治疗方法（药物治疗和心理治疗）以及焦虑症青少年的长期预后。重要的是，我们关注最常见的焦虑症类型，通常称为恐惧症，包括广泛性焦虑症、社交焦虑/社交恐惧症、分离焦虑症、惊恐障碍和特定恐惧症。总之，焦虑是青少年常见的精神问题，但有了正确的工具，初级保健提供者可以产生重大影响。
