Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Illinois, United States.
Disasters. 2014 Apr;38(2):329-50. doi: 10.1111/disa.12044.
A number of recent studies on disaster reconstruction have focused on the concept of community resilience and its importance in the recovery of communities from collective trauma. This article reviews the contributions the anthropological literature and the ethnographic case studies of two post-Hurricane Mitch housing reconstruction sites make to the theorising of community and resilience in post-disaster reconstruction. Specifically, the article demonstrates that communities are not static or neatly bounded entities that remain constant before, during and after a disaster; rather, communities take on shape and qualities depending on the relationships in which they engage with government agencies and aid organisations before and after disasters. Consequently, the article argues that definitions of community resilience and disaster mitigation programmes must take the emergent and relational nature of communities into account in order to address the long-term causes and impacts of disasters.
近期有许多关于灾难重建的研究聚焦于社区韧性的概念，以及其对社区从集体创伤中恢复的重要性。本文回顾了人类学文献以及两个飓风米奇过后住房重建地点的民族志案例研究对灾难后重建中社区和韧性理论化的贡献。具体来说，本文表明，社区不是静态的或整齐边界的实体，它们在灾难前后不会保持不变；相反，社区根据它们在灾难前后与政府机构和援助组织建立的关系形成和具有一定的特征。因此，本文认为，社区韧性和灾害缓解计划的定义必须考虑社区的新兴和关系本质，以便解决灾害的长期原因和影响。
