Nisoli Enzo, Valerio Alessandra
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milan, Italy.
Curr Pharm Des. 2014;20(35):5663-70. doi: 10.2174/1381612820666140306093651.
Healthy mitochondria are essential generators of cellular energy, while senescent or damaged mitochondria are bioenergetically inefficient and are sources of reactive oxygen species. The mitochondrial life cycle, comprising biogenesis, fusion/fission events and mitophagic elimination, is carefully orchestrated, and age-related decay of the lifecycle contributes to chronic degenerative diseases. Mitochondria make contacts with other cellular organelles in the endomembrane system (endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes and lysosomes) whose dynamics are co-regulated and interactions finely tuned to meet the cell requirements and maintain the health of the organism. This review will consider the evidence that mitochondrial biogenesis and quality control, as well as the complex interplay among cellular organelles, may be affected by the aging process(es), with negative consequences for the well being of elderly individuals. Moreover, we propose that nutrients or drugs able to maintain organelle homeostasis may represent novel preventive and/or therapeutic approaches for chronic age-related diseases.
健康的线粒体是细胞能量的重要产生者，而衰老或受损的线粒体在生物能量方面效率低下，并且是活性氧的来源。线粒体生命周期包括生物发生、融合/分裂事件和线粒体自噬清除，这一过程受到精心调控，而与年龄相关的生命周期衰退会导致慢性退行性疾病。线粒体与内膜系统中的其他细胞器（内质网、过氧化物酶体和溶酶体）相互接触，这些细胞器的动态变化受到共同调节，相互作用也得到精细调控，以满足细胞需求并维持机体健康。本综述将探讨线粒体生物发生和质量控制以及细胞器之间复杂的相互作用可能受衰老过程影响的证据，这对老年人的健康会产生负面影响。此外，我们提出能够维持细胞器稳态的营养物质或药物可能代表了针对慢性年龄相关疾病的新型预防和/或治疗方法。
