Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan.
Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2014 Feb;8(1):58-64. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2014.15. Epub 2014 Mar 10.
After the Great Eastern Japan Earthquake and tsunami, the World Health Organization cautioned that evacuees at shelters would be at increased risk of infectious disease transmission; however, the frequency that occurred in this population was not known.
We reviewed medical charts of evacuees who visited medical clinics at 6 shelters from March 19, to April 8, 2011. Excluded were patients who did not reside within the shelters or whose medical records lacked a name or date. We investigated the frequency of and cumulative incidences of acute respiratory infection [ARI], acute gastroenteritis, acute jaundice syndrome, scabies, measles, pertussis, and tetanus.
Of 1364 patients who visited 6 shelter clinics, 1167 patients (86.1%) were eligible for the study. The median total number of evacuees was 2545 (interquartile range [IQR], 2277-3009). ARI was the most common infectious disease; the median number of patients with ARI was 168.8 per week per 1000 evacuees (IQR, 64.5-186.1). Acute gastroenteritis was the second most common; the median number of patients was 23.7 per week per 1000 evacuees (IQR, 5.1-24.3). No other infectious diseases were observed. The median cumulative incidence of ARI per 1000 evacuees in each shelter was 13.1 person-days (IQR, 8.5-18.8). The median cumulative incidence of gastroenteritis was 1.6 person-days (IQR, 0.3-3.4).
After the Great Eastern Japan Earthquake and tsunami, outbreaks of ARI and acute gastroenteritis occurred in evacuation shelters.
在东日本大地震和海啸之后，世界卫生组织警告说，避难所中的灾民将面临更高的传染病传播风险；然而，这种人群中发生的频率尚不清楚。
我们回顾了 2011 年 3 月 19 日至 4 月 8 日期间，6 个避难所的医疗诊所接待的避难者的医疗记录。排除未居住在避难所内或医疗记录中没有姓名或日期的患者。我们调查了急性呼吸道感染[ARI]、急性胃肠炎、急性黄疸综合征、疥疮、麻疹、百日咳和破伤风的发生频率和累积发生率。
在 6 个避难所诊所就诊的 1364 名患者中，有 1167 名（86.1%）符合研究条件。避难者的中位数总人数为 2545 人（四分位距[IQR]，2277-3009）。ARI 是最常见的传染病；每 1000 名避难者中每周有 168.8 名患有 ARI（IQR，64.5-186.1）。急性胃肠炎是第二常见的传染病；每 1000 名避难者中每周有 23.7 名患有急性胃肠炎（IQR，5.1-24.3）。没有观察到其他传染病。每个避难所每 1000 名避难者中 ARI 的累积发病率中位数为 13.1 人天（IQR，8.5-18.8）。胃肠炎的累积发病率中位数为 1.6 人天（IQR，0.3-3.4）。
在东日本大地震和海啸之后，避难所中爆发了 ARI 和急性胃肠炎。
