Been Ella, Gómez-Olivencia Asier, Kramer Patricia A
Department of Anatomy and Anthropology Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel; Department of Physical Therapy Faculty of Health Professions, Ono Academic College, Kiryat Ono, 55000, Israel.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 2014 Jun;154(2):307-14. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.22507. Epub 2014 Mar 11.
Recently, interest has peaked regarding the posture of extinct hominins. Here, we present a new method of reconstructing lordosis angles of extinct hominin specimens based on pelvic morphology, more specifically the orientation of the sacrum in relation to the acetabulum (pelvic incidence). Two regression models based on the correlation between pelvic incidence and lordosis angle in living hominoids have been developed. The mean values of the calculated lordosis angles based on these models are 36°-45° for australopithecines, 45°-47° for Homo erectus, 27°-34° for the Neandertals and the Sima de los Huesos hominins, and 49°-51° for fossil H. sapiens. The newly calculated lordosis values are consistent with previously published values of extinct hominins (Been et al.: Am J Phys Anthropol 147 (2012) 64-77). If the mean values of the present nonhuman hominoids are representative of the pelvic and lumbar morphology of the last common ancestor between humans and nonhuman hominoids, then both pelvic incidence and lordosis angle dramatically increased during hominin evolution from 27° ± 5 to 22° ± 3 (respectively) in nonhuman hominoids to 54° ± 10 and 51° ± 11 in modern humans. This change to a more human-like configuration appeared early in the hominin evolution as the pelvis and spines of both australopithecines and H. erectus show a higher pelvic incidence and lordosis angle than nonhuman hominoids. The Sima de los Huesos hominins and Neandertals show a derived configuration with a low pelvic incidence and lordosis angle.
最近，人们对已灭绝古人类的姿势兴趣大增。在此，我们提出一种基于骨盆形态，更具体地说是骶骨相对于髋臼的方向（骨盆倾斜度）来重建已灭绝古人类标本腰椎前凸角度的新方法。基于现存类人猿骨盆倾斜度与腰椎前凸角度之间的相关性，已开发出两种回归模型。根据这些模型计算出的腰椎前凸角度平均值，南方古猿为36° - 45°，直立人为45° - 47°，尼安德特人和胡瑟裂谷古人类为27° - 34°，化石智人为49° - 51°。新计算出的腰椎前凸值与先前发表的已灭绝古人类的值一致（Been等人：《美国体质人类学杂志》147 (2012) 64 - 77）。如果现存非人类类人猿的平均值代表了人类与非人类类人猿最后共同祖先的骨盆和腰椎形态，那么在古人类进化过程中，骨盆倾斜度和腰椎前凸角度都显著增加，从非人类类人猿的27°±5和22°±3（分别）增加到现代人类的54°±10和51°±11。这种向更类似人类形态的转变在古人类进化早期就出现了，因为南方古猿和直立人的骨盆和脊柱都显示出比非人类类人猿更高的骨盆倾斜度和腰椎前凸角度。西玛德洛斯休索斯古人类和尼安德特人则呈现出一种衍生形态，骨盆倾斜度和腰椎前凸角度较低。
