Been Ella, Gómez-Olivencia Asier, Shefi Sara, Soudack Michalle, Bastir Markus, Barash Alon
Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Professions, Ono Academic College, Israel.
Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2017 May;300(5):900-911. doi: 10.1002/ar.23559.
Spinopelvic alignment refers to the interaction between pelvic orientation, spinal curvatures, and the line of gravity. In a healthy modern human, this alignment is characterized by reciprocal curves/orientation of the sacrum, lumbar lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, and cervical lordosis. In an economic sagittal posture, these curvatures keep the line of gravity close to the center of the acetabulum. The purpose of this study is to explore the spinopelvic alignment in extinct hominins. We examined spinopelvic alignment of a single representative from each of the following hominin groups: Australopithecus, Homo erectus (H. erectus), H. neanderthalensis, and early H. sapiens. Pelvic incidence, lumbar lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, and cervical lordosis for each representative was estimated and compared with that of modern humans. Three basic spinopelvic alignments were found: (1) the sinusoidal alignment with moderate to high spinal curvatures and pelvic incidence found in H. erectus and H. sapiens; (2) the straight alignment with small spinal curvatures and small pelvic incidence found in Neandertal lineage hominins; (3) the compound alignment found in Australopithecus, with moderate pelvic incidence and lumbar lordosis, and nearly straight cervical spine. Our results indicate that balanced upright posture can be achieved in different alignments. Each hominin group solved the requirements of erect posture in a slightly different way. Moreover, we propose the term "cranio-spino-pelvic balance" to substitute "spino-pelvic balance." From an evolutionary perspective, not only changes in the pelvis have conditioned the evolution of the spinal curvatures but also changes in the equilibrium of the head likely also affected this balance. Anat Rec, 300:900-911, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
脊柱骨盆对线是指骨盆方向、脊柱曲度和重力线之间的相互作用。在健康的现代人类中，这种对线的特征是骶骨的反向曲线/方向、腰椎前凸、胸椎后凸和颈椎前凸。在经济矢状位姿势中，这些曲度使重力线靠近髋臼中心。本研究的目的是探索已灭绝古人类的脊柱骨盆对线情况。我们检查了以下古人类群体中每个群体的一个代表性个体的脊柱骨盆对线情况：南方古猿、直立人、尼安德特人以及早期智人。估计了每个代表性个体的骨盆倾斜角、腰椎前凸、胸椎后凸和颈椎前凸，并与现代人类进行了比较。发现了三种基本的脊柱骨盆对线情况：（1）在直立人和智人中发现的具有中度至高脊柱曲度和骨盆倾斜角的正弦曲线对线；（2）在尼安德特人谱系古人类中发现的具有小脊柱曲度和小骨盆倾斜角的直线对线；（3）在南方古猿中发现的复合对线，具有中度骨盆倾斜角和腰椎前凸，以及近乎笔直的颈椎。我们的结果表明，不同的对线方式都能实现平衡的直立姿势。每个古人类群体以略有不同的方式解决了直立姿势的要求。此外，我们提出用“颅-脊柱-骨盆平衡”一词来替代“脊柱-骨盆平衡”。从进化的角度来看，不仅骨盆的变化影响了脊柱曲度的进化，而且头部平衡的变化可能也影响了这种平衡。《解剖学记录》，300:900 - 911，2017年。© 2017威利期刊公司。
