Peng Xiaozhen, Zhang Yiya, Liu Jinyan, Yu Hai, Chen Jia, Lei Qian, Wang Xianchun, Liang Songping
Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, People's Republic of China.
J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2014 May;28(5):198-205. doi: 10.1002/jbt.21553. Epub 2014 Mar 10.
The early research found that the spiderlings of black widow spider (Latrodectus tredecimguttatus) exhibited obvious toxicity to animals. The present work performed a systematical analysis of the aqueous extract of newborn black widow spiderlings. The extract was shown to contain 69.42% of proteins varying in molecular weights and isoelectric points. Abdominal injection of the extract into mice and cockroaches caused obvious poisoning symptoms as well as death, with LD50 being 5.30 mg/kg in mice and 16.74 µg/g in Periplaneta americana. Electrophysiological experiments indicated that the extract at a concentration of 10 µg/mL could completely block the neuromuscular transmission in isolated mouse nerve-hemidiaphragm preparations within 21 ± 1.5 min, and 100 µg/mL extract could inhibit a certain percentage of voltage-activated Na⁺, K⁺, and Ca²⁺ channel currents in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. These results demonstrate that the spiderlings are rich in neurotoxic components, which play important roles in the spiderling toxicity.
早期研究发现，黑寡妇蜘蛛（间斑寇蛛）的幼蛛对动物表现出明显的毒性。本研究对新生黑寡妇蜘蛛幼蛛的水提取物进行了系统分析。结果表明，该提取物含有69.42%的蛋白质，其分子量和等电点各不相同。将提取物腹腔注射到小鼠和蟑螂体内会导致明显的中毒症状甚至死亡，在小鼠中的半数致死量（LD50）为5.30 mg/kg，在美洲大蠊中为16.74 µg/g。电生理实验表明，浓度为10 µg/mL的提取物可在21±1.5分钟内完全阻断离体小鼠神经-半膈肌标本中的神经肌肉传递，100 µg/mL的提取物可抑制大鼠背根神经节神经元中一定比例的电压门控性Na⁺、K⁺和Ca²⁺通道电流。这些结果表明，幼蛛富含神经毒性成分，这些成分在幼蛛的毒性中起重要作用。
