Lawrence Katherine, Baker Charlotte L, James Tony D, Bull Steven D, Lawrence Ruth, Mitchels John M, Opallo Marcin, Arotiba Omotayo A, Ozoemena Kenneth I, Marken Frank
Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY (UK).
Chem Asian J. 2014 May;9(5):1226-41. doi: 10.1002/asia.201301657. Epub 2014 Mar 11.
Functionalized carbon nanoparticles (or blacks) have promise as novel active high-surface-area electrode materials, as conduits for electrons to enzymes or connections through lipid films, or as nano-building blocks in electroanalysis. With previous applications of bare nanoblacks and composites mainly in electrochemical charge storage and as substrates in fuel cell devices, the full range of benefits of bare and functionalized carbon nanoparticles in assemblies and composite (bio)electrodes is still emerging. Carbon nanoparticles are readily surface-modified, functionalized, embedded, or assembled into nanostructures, employed in bioelectrochemical systems, and incorporated into novel electrochemical sensing devices. This focus review summarizes aspects of a rapidly growing field and some of the recent developments in carbon nanoparticle functionalization with potential applications in (bio)electrochemical, photoelectrochemical, and electroanalytical processes.
功能化碳纳米颗粒（或碳黑）有望成为新型活性高表面积电极材料，可作为电子传输至酶的通道或通过脂质膜的连接物，也可作为电分析中的纳米构建块。由于之前裸纳米碳黑及其复合材料主要应用于电化学电荷存储以及作为燃料电池装置的基底，裸碳纳米颗粒和功能化碳纳米颗粒在组件和复合（生物）电极中的全部益处仍在不断显现。碳纳米颗粒易于进行表面改性、功能化、嵌入或组装成纳米结构，应用于生物电化学系统，并被纳入新型电化学传感装置。本重点综述总结了这个快速发展领域的一些方面以及碳纳米颗粒功能化的一些最新进展，这些进展在（生物）电化学、光电化学和电分析过程中具有潜在应用。
