iCub Facility, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Genova, Italy.
iCub Facility, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Genova, Italy ; Centre for Robotics and Neural Systems, School of Computing and Mathematics, University of Plymouth Plymouth, UK.
Front Syst Neurosci. 2014 Feb 26;8:29. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00029. eCollection 2014.
Visual scan paths exhibit complex, stochastic dynamics. Even during visual fixation, the eye is in constant motion. Fixational drift and tremor are thought to reflect fluctuations in the persistent neural activity of neural integrators in the oculomotor brainstem, which integrate sequences of transient saccadic velocity signals into a short term memory of eye position. Despite intensive research and much progress, the precise mechanisms by which oculomotor posture is maintained remain elusive. Drift exhibits a stochastic statistical profile which has been modeled using random walk formalisms. Tremor is widely dismissed as noise. Here we focus on the dynamical profile of fixational tremor, and argue that tremor may be a signal which usefully reflects the workings of oculomotor postural control. We identify signatures reminiscent of a certain flavor of transient neurodynamics; toric traveling waves which rotate around a central phase singularity. Spiral waves play an organizational role in dynamical systems at many scales throughout nature, though their potential functional role in brain activity remains a matter of educated speculation. Spiral waves have a repertoire of functionally interesting dynamical properties, including persistence, which suggest that they could in theory contribute to persistent neural activity in the oculomotor postural control system. Whilst speculative, the singularity hypothesis of oculomotor postural control implies testable predictions, and could provide the beginnings of an integrated dynamical framework for eye movements across scales.
视觉扫视轨迹表现出复杂的随机动力学特性。即使在视觉固视期间,眼睛也在不断运动。固视漂移和震颤被认为反映了眼球运动脑干中神经整合器持续神经活动的波动,这些整合器将一系列短暂的扫视速度信号整合到眼球位置的短期记忆中。尽管进行了深入的研究和取得了很大的进展,但眼球运动姿势维持的确切机制仍然难以捉摸。漂移表现出随机统计特征,可以使用随机游走形式来建模。震颤被广泛认为是噪声。在这里,我们关注固视震颤的动力学特征,并认为震颤可能是一种有用的信号,反映了眼球运动姿势控制的工作原理。我们发现了类似于特定瞬态神经动力学特征的特征;围绕中心相位奇点旋转的环形行波。螺旋波在自然界的许多尺度的动力系统中起着组织作用,尽管它们在大脑活动中的潜在功能作用仍然是推测性的。螺旋波具有一系列有趣的功能动态特性,包括持久性,这表明它们理论上可以为眼球运动姿势控制系统中的持续神经活动做出贡献。虽然是推测性的,但眼球运动姿势控制的奇点假设意味着可以进行可测试的预测,并为跨尺度眼球运动提供一个综合的动态框架的开端。