Dixon Daniel V, Hosseinidoust Zeinab, Tufenkji Nathalie
Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B2, Canada.
Langmuir. 2014 Mar 25;30(11):3184-90. doi: 10.1021/la500059u. Epub 2014 Mar 11.
Bacteriophage-functionalized surfaces are a new class of advanced functional material and have been demonstrated to be applicable for use as antimicrobial surfaces in medical applications (e.g., indwelling medical devices or wound dressings) or as biosensors for bacterial capture and detection. However, the complex composition of many real life samples (e.g., blood, natural waters, etc.) can potentially interfere with the interaction of phage and its bacterial host, leading to a decline in the efficiency of the phage-functionalized surface. In this study, the bacterial capture efficiency of two model phage-functionalized surfaces was assessed in the presence of potential environmental and biomedical interferents. The two phage-bacteria systems used in this study are PRD1 with Salmonella Typhimurium and T4 with Escherichia coli. The potential interferents tested included humic and fulvic acids, natural groundwater, colloidal latex microspheres, host extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), albumin, fibrinogen, and human serum. EPS and human serum decreased the host capture efficiency for immobilized PRD1 and T4, and also impaired the infectivity of the nonimmobilized (planktonic) phage. Interestingly, humic and fulvic acids reduced the capture efficiency of T4-functionalized surfaces, even though they did not lead to inactivation of the suspended virions. Neither humic nor fulvic acids affected the capture efficiency of PRD1. These findings demonstrate the inadequacy of traditional phage selection methods (i.e., infectivity of suspended phage toward its host in clean buffer) for designing advanced functional materials and further highlight the importance of taking into account the environmental conditions in which the immobilized phage is expected to function.
噬菌体功能化表面是一类新型的先进功能材料，已被证明可用于医疗应用中的抗菌表面（如植入式医疗器械或伤口敷料），或作为用于细菌捕获和检测的生物传感器。然而，许多实际样品（如血液、天然水等）的复杂成分可能会干扰噬菌体与其细菌宿主的相互作用，导致噬菌体功能化表面的效率下降。在本研究中，评估了两种模型噬菌体功能化表面在潜在环境和生物医学干扰物存在下的细菌捕获效率。本研究中使用的两种噬菌体 - 细菌系统是与鼠伤寒沙门氏菌结合的PRD1和与大肠杆菌结合的T4。测试的潜在干扰物包括腐殖酸和富里酸、天然地下水、胶体乳胶微球、宿主细胞外聚合物（EPS）、白蛋白、纤维蛋白原和人血清。EPS和人血清降低了固定化PRD1和T4的宿主捕获效率，也损害了非固定化（浮游）噬菌体的感染性。有趣的是，腐殖酸和富里酸降低了T4功能化表面的捕获效率，尽管它们并未导致悬浮病毒失活。腐殖酸和富里酸均未影响PRD1的捕获效率。这些发现表明传统的噬菌体选择方法（即悬浮噬菌体在清洁缓冲液中对其宿主的感染性）不足以设计先进的功能材料，并进一步强调了考虑固定化噬菌体预期发挥作用的环境条件的重要性。
