Silventoinen Karri, Volanen Salla-Maarit, Vuoksimaa Eero, Rose Richard J, Suominen Sakari, Kaprio Jaakko
Population Research Unit, Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 18, 00014, Helsinki, Finland,
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2014 Dec;49(12):1951-60. doi: 10.1007/s00127-014-0851-y. Epub 2014 Mar 12.
To analyze the effects of genetic and environmental factors on sense of coherence (SOC) in young adulthood and whether family environment measured in childhood modifies these effects.
SOC was measured at 20-27 years of age in 3,193 Finnish twins using the Antonovsky's 13-item short scale. The twins and their parents had rated their emotional family environment independently when the twins were 12 years of age. The data were analyzed using applications of structural linear equation modeling to twin data.
Females rated SOC 2.42 points lower than males. Additive genetic factors explained 39% of the variation of SOC in males and 49% in females, whereas the rest of the variation was explained by environmental factors unique to each twin individual. For the dimensions of SOC, the highest genetic correlation was found between comprehensibility and manageability (0.90 in males and 0.97 in females). SOC was strongest in the participants who had reported supportive family atmosphere and low relational tensions to parents in childhood. These participants also had higher genetic variance and lower unique environmental variance of SOC when compared to those who reported emotionally more stressful family environment. The results were similar when we used parental rating of family environment.
Genetic factors are important for SOC, but genetic influences are much greater in supportive family environments. This emphasizes the importance of childhood home for the development of strong SOC.
分析遗传和环境因素对青年期连贯感（SOC）的影响，以及儿童期测量的家庭环境是否会改变这些影响。
使用安托诺夫斯基的13项简短量表对3193名芬兰双胞胎在20至27岁时的SOC进行测量。双胞胎及其父母在双胞胎12岁时分别对他们的情感家庭环境进行了评分。使用结构线性方程模型对双胞胎数据进行分析。
女性对SOC的评分比男性低2.42分。加性遗传因素解释了男性SOC变异的39%和女性的49%，而其余变异则由每个双胞胎个体独特的环境因素解释。对于SOC的维度，在可理解性和可管理性之间发现了最高的遗传相关性（男性为0.90，女性为0.97）。在童年时期报告家庭氛围支持且与父母关系紧张程度低的参与者中，SOC最强。与那些报告情感上压力更大的家庭环境的参与者相比，这些参与者的SOC遗传方差也更高，独特环境方差更低。当我们使用父母对家庭环境的评分时，结果相似。
遗传因素对SOC很重要，但在支持性家庭环境中遗传影响要大得多。这强调了童年家庭对形成强大SOC的重要性。
