Chovalopoulou Maria-Eleni, Valakos Efstratios D, Manolis Sotiris K
Anthropol Anz. 2013;70(4):407-25. doi: 10.1127/0003-5548/2013/0363.
The purpose of this study is to assess sexual dimorphism in the palate and base of adult crania using three-dimensional geometric morphometric methods. The study sample consisted of 176 crania of known sex (94 males, 82 females) belonging to individuals who lived during the 20th century in Greece. The three-dimensional co-ordinates of 30 ectocranial landmarks were digitized using a MicroScribe 3DX contact digitizer. Generalized Procrustes Analysis (GPA) was used to obtain size and shape variables for statistical analysis. Three discriminant function analyses were carried out: (1) using PC scores from Procrustes shape space, (2) centroid size alone, and (3) PC scores of GPA residuals which includes InCS for analysis in Procrustes form space. Results indicate that there are shape differences between sexes. In males, the palate is deepest and more elongated; the cranial base is shortened. Sex-specific shape differences for the cross-validated data give better classification results in the cranial base (77.2%) compared with the palate (68.9%). Size alone yielded better results for cranial base (82%) in opposition to palate (63.1%). As anticipated, the classification accuracy improves when both size and shape are combined (90.4% for cranial base, and 74.8% for palate).
本研究的目的是使用三维几何形态测量方法评估成年颅骨腭部和颅底的性别二态性。研究样本包括176个已知性别的颅骨（94例男性，82例女性），这些个体生活在20世纪的希腊。使用MicroScribe 3DX接触式数字化仪对30个颅外标志点的三维坐标进行数字化处理。采用广义普氏分析（GPA）获得大小和形状变量以进行统计分析。进行了三项判别函数分析：（1）使用普氏形状空间中的主成分得分，（2）仅使用质心大小，（3）GPA残差的主成分得分，其中包括在普氏形式空间中进行分析的InCS。结果表明，两性之间存在形状差异。在男性中，腭部最深且更长；颅底缩短。交叉验证数据的性别特异性形状差异在颅底（77.2%）比在腭部（68.9%）给出了更好的分类结果。仅大小因素在颅底（82%）比在腭部（63.1%）产生了更好的结果。正如预期的那样，当大小和形状因素结合时，分类准确率提高（颅底为90.4%，腭部为74.8%）。
