Bigoni L, Velemínská J, Brůzek J
Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic.
Homo. 2010 Feb;61(1):16-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jchb.2009.09.004. Epub 2010 Feb 11.
This article presents an approach for estimating the sexual dimorphism of adult crania using three-dimensional geometric morphometric methods. The study sample consisted of 139 crania of known sex (73 males and 66 females) belonging to persons who lived during the first half of the 20th century in Bohemia. The three-dimensional co-ordinates of 82 ecto-cranial landmarks and 39 semi-landmarks covering the midsagittal curve of the cranial vault were digitised using a MicroScribe G2X contact digitiser. The purposes of the investigation were to define the regions of the cranium where sexual dimorphism is most pronounced and to investigate the effectiveness of this method for determining sex from the shape of the cranium. The results demonstrate that it is better to analyse apportionable parts of the cranium rather than the cranium as a whole. Significant sexual differences (significance was determined using multivariate analysis of variance) were noted in the shape of the midsagittal curve of the vault, upper face, the region of the nose, orbits, and palate. No differences were recorded either in the shape of the cranium as a whole or in the regions of the base and the neurocranium. The greatest accuracy in determining sex was found in the region of the upper face (100% of study subjects correctly classified) and the midsagittal curve of the vault (99% of study subjects correctly classified).
本文介绍了一种使用三维几何形态测量方法估计成人颅骨性别二态性的方法。研究样本包括139个已知性别的颅骨（73例男性和66例女性），这些颅骨属于20世纪上半叶生活在波希米亚的人。使用MicroScribe G2X接触式数字化仪对覆盖颅顶矢状中线曲线的82个颅外地标和39个半地标进行三维坐标数字化。该研究的目的是确定颅骨中性别二态性最明显的区域，并研究这种从颅骨形状确定性别的方法的有效性。结果表明，分析颅骨的可分割部分比分析整个颅骨更好。在颅顶矢状中线曲线、上脸、鼻子区域、眼眶和腭部的形状上发现了显著的性别差异（显著性通过多变量方差分析确定）。在整个颅骨形状或颅底和脑颅区域均未记录到差异。在上脸区域（100%的研究对象正确分类）和颅顶矢状中线曲线（99%的研究对象正确分类）中发现了确定性别的最高准确率。
