[墨西哥的婴儿喂养方式与母乳喂养情况恶化]
[Infant feeding practices and deterioration of breastfeeding in Mexico].
作者信息
González de Cosío Teresita, Escobar-Zaragoza Leticia, González-Castell Luz Dinorah, Rivera-Dommarco Juan Ángel
机构信息
Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
出版信息
Salud Publica Mex. 2013;55 Suppl 2:S170-9.
OBJECTIVE
To present data on infant and young child feeding practices (IYCFP) in Mexico from the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT 2012) to support the development of public policy.
POPULATION
Women 12-49y and children <2y. Indicators of IYCFP suggested by WHO were analyzed by geographic, socioeconomic, participation in food programs and health insurance variables.
RESULTS
Median duration of breast-feeding: 10.2mo and 14.4% with exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) <6m. Breastfeeding deteriorated in most vulnerable groups. Decline in EBF<6m 2006-2012 was explained by increases in consumption of formula and other milks (4%) and water (4%). Three-quarters (74%) of 6-11mo infants had minimum food diversity, and it was lower in the most vulnerable.
CONCLUSIONS
Complementary feeding improved but breastfeeding declined in Mexico. Promotion actions must be integral, coordinated, financed and evaluated, with Federal government leadership and should include the participation of various stakeholders.
目的
展示来自2012年全国健康与营养调查（ENSANUT 2012）的墨西哥婴幼儿喂养 practices（IYCFP）数据，以支持公共政策的制定。
人群
12 - 49岁女性及2岁以下儿童。根据世界卫生组织建议的IYCFP指标，按地理、社会经济、参与食品项目和健康保险变量进行分析。
结果
母乳喂养的中位持续时间：10.2个月，纯母乳喂养（EBF）<6个月的比例为14.4%。大多数弱势群体的母乳喂养情况恶化。2006 - 2012年EBF<6个月情况的下降是由于配方奶和其他奶类（4%）以及水（4%）的消费量增加所致。6 - 11个月婴儿中有四分之三（74%）实现了最低食物多样化，且在最弱势群体中这一比例更低。
结论
墨西哥的辅食喂养有所改善，但母乳喂养有所下降。促进行动必须是全面、协调、有资金支持且经过评估的，由联邦政府牵头，应包括各利益相关方的参与。
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