Muris Peter, Meesters Cor, Bouwman Leanne, Notermans Sabine
Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands,
Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2015 Apr;46(2):209-16. doi: 10.1007/s10578-014-0457-3.
This study examined relationships between the self-conscious emotions of shame and guilt, behavioral inhibition (as an index of anxiety proneness), and anxiety disorder symptoms in non-clinical children aged 8-13 years (N = 126), using children's self-report data. Results showed that there were positive and significant correlations between shame and guilt, behavioral inhibition, and anxiety disorders symptoms. When controlling for the overlap between shame and guilt, it was found that shame (but not guilt) remained significantly associated with higher levels of anxiety proneness and anxiety symptoms. Further, when controlling for the effect of behavioral inhibition, shame still accounted for a significant proportion of the variance of total anxiety and generalized anxiety scores. For these anxiety problems, support emerged for a model in which shame acted as a partial mediator in the relation between behavioral inhibition and anxiety. These results indicate that the self-conscious emotion of shame is a robust correlate of anxiety pathology in children.
本研究利用8至13岁非临床儿童（N = 126）的自我报告数据，考察了羞耻和内疚这两种自我意识情绪、行为抑制（作为焦虑倾向指标）与焦虑症症状之间的关系。结果显示，羞耻与内疚、行为抑制及焦虑症症状之间存在显著正相关。在控制了羞耻和内疚之间的重叠后，发现羞耻（而非内疚）仍与较高水平的焦虑倾向和焦虑症状显著相关。此外，在控制行为抑制的影响后，羞耻仍占总焦虑和广泛性焦虑得分方差的很大比例。对于这些焦虑问题，有证据支持这样一个模型：羞耻在行为抑制与焦虑的关系中起部分中介作用。这些结果表明，自我意识情绪羞耻是儿童焦虑病理的一个有力相关因素。
